scholarly journals Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genetic switch in UV response of mimicry-related pale-yellow colors in Batesian mimic butterfly, Papilio polytes.

Author(s):  
Deborah Charlesworth
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eabd6475
Author(s):  
Shinichi Yoda ◽  
Kousuke Sakakura ◽  
Tasuku Kitamura ◽  
Yûsuke KonDo ◽  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
...  

In a Batesian mimic butterfly Papilio polytes, mimetic females resemble an unpalatable model, Pachliopta aristolochiae, but exhibit a different color pattern from nonmimetic females and males. In particular, the pale-yellow region on hind wings, which correspondingly sends important putative signals for mimicry and mate preference, is different in shape and chemical features between nonmimetic and mimetic morphs. Recently, we found that mimetic-type doublesex [dsx (H)] causes mimetic traits; however, the control of dimorphic pale-yellow colors remains unclear. Here, we revealed that dsx (H) switched the pale-yellow colors from UV-excited fluorescent type (nonmimetic) to UV-reflecting type (mimetic), by repressing the papiliochrome II synthesis genes and nanostructural changes in wing scales. Photoreceptor reactivities showed that some birds and butterflies could effectively recognize mimetic and nonmimetic pale-yellow colors, suggesting that a genetic switch in the UV response of pale-yellow colors may play essential roles in establishing the dimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry.


Author(s):  
Lê Thị Diên ◽  
Phan Trọng Trí
Keyword(s):  

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trong 2 năm (2012 – 2013), mỗi năm điều tra từ tháng 3 đến tháng 8. Việc xác định các loài chỉ thị sinh thái được thực hiện theo sinh cảnh, đai cao và vùng khí hậu. Có 6 dạng sinh cảnh được nghiên cứu là Trảng cỏ, Rừng phục hồi, Rừng trồng, Đất nông nghiệp, Rừng rậm và Ven đường. Trong đó chỉ có sinh cảnh Trảng cỏ có 4 loài có thể sử dụng là loài chỉ thị sinh thái là Chilasa clytia, Lamprotera curius, Meandrusa sciron và Papilio paris. Đai thấp dưới 1000m có 3 loài có thể sử dụng là loài chỉ thị gồm Lamprotera curius, Papilio paris và Papilio polytes. Đai cao trên 1000m chỉ có một loài chỉ thị sinh thái là Papilio noblei. Vùng khí hậu Nam Hải Vân có loài chỉ thị sinh thái là loài Papilio helenus và Bắc Hải Vân là loài Papilio nephelus. Từ khóa: Bướm phượng, Chỉ thị sinh thái, Vườn quốc gia Bạch Mã


1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Belote ◽  
Michael McKeown ◽  
Russell T. Boggs ◽  
Risa Ohkawa ◽  
Barbara A. Sosnowski

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1128-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren M. Madsen ◽  
David Mills ◽  
Gordana Djordjevic ◽  
Hans Israelsen ◽  
Todd R. Klaenhammer

ABSTRACT The DNA sequence of the replication module, part of the lysis module, and remnants of a lysogenic module from the lytic P335 species lactococcal bacteriophage φ31 was determined, and its regulatory elements were investigated. The identification of a characteristic genetic switch including two divergent promoters and two cognate repressor genes strongly indicates that φ31 was derived from a temperate bacteriophage. Regulation of the two early promoters was analyzed by primer extension and transcriptional promoter fusions to a lacLMreporter. The regulatory behavior of the promoter region differed significantly from the genetic responses of temperate Lactococcus lactis phages. Thecro gene homologue regulates its own production and is an efficient repressor of cI gene expression. No detectablecI gene expression could be measured in the presence ofcro. cI gene expression in the absence ofcro exerted minor influences on the regulation of the two promoters within the genetic switch. Homology comparisons revealed a replication module which is most likely expressed from the promoter located upstream of the cro gene homologue. The replication module encoded genes with strong homology to helicases and primases found in several Streptococcus thermophilus phages. Downstream of the primase homologue, an AT-rich noncoding origin region was identified. The characteristics and location of this region and its ability to reduce the efficiency of plaquing of φ31 106-fold when present at high copy number in trans provide evidence for identification of the phage origin of replication. Phage φ31 is an obligately lytic phage that was isolated from commercial dairy fermentation environments. Neither a phage attachment site nor an integrase gene, required to establish lysogeny, was identified, explaining its lytic lifestyle and suggesting its origin from a temperate phage ancestor. Several regions showing extensive DNA and protein homologies to different temperate phages ofLactococcus, Lactobacillus, andStreptococcus were also discovered, indicating the likely exchange of DNA cassettes through horizontal gene transfer in the dynamic ecological environment of dairy fermentations.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Kai Cui ◽  
Chang-Lin Zhao

Phylogenies of Ceriporiopsis and related genera were studied using DNA sequences from the ITS+28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene regions. Two species, Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia and C. semisupina, are described as new to science. Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia is characterized by annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with white pore surface when fresh, turning to apricot-orange to dark orange upon drying, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae encrusted with pale yellow crystals, ellipsoid and thin-walled basidiospores (4–5 ´ 3–3.3 µm), and plenty of pale-yellow to pale-orange oily substances in subiculum and trama. Ceriporiopsis semisupina is distinguished by annual, effused-reflexed basidiocarps with greyish brown to reddish brown pore surface, monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae bearing crystalline incrustation, long-clavate basidia, ellipsoid and thin-walled basidiospores (4–4.5 ´ 3–3.3 µm). Like previous study, the phylogenetic analysis presented here also showed that Ceriporiopsis is not monophyletic and the sampled species were grouped in four clades, including phlebia clade, residual polyporoid clade, tyromyces clade and gelatoporia clade.


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