scholarly journals Análisis sobre la suscripción de la unión aduanera de la Comunidad Andina: creación y desviación comercial (1967-2017)

Author(s):  
Denise Andrea Calle Rivera ◽  
Carlos Bruno Delgadillo Chavarría

El presente documento busca determinar si la suscripción de la unión aduanera de la CAN en el año 1995 dio lugar a un proceso de creación/desviación del comercio intrarregional y extrarregional para sus miembros. Por tal motivo, se estima el modelo estructural de gravedad de comercio, con datos de panel de 83 países, que comprende el periodo que va de 1967 a 2017, con una desagregación de doce tipos de cadenas productivas de bienes, mediante el método de estimación “Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood”. Las estimaciones sugieren que la suscripción de la unión aduanera de la CAN da lugar a un proceso de creación de comercio intrarregional y creación de importaciones procedentes de países no miembros. Entre otros resultados, se identifica que la suscripción de esta unión aduanera incrementa el comercio intrarregional en las siguientes cadenas productivas de bienes: papel y madera, acero y hierro metales no ferrosos y electrónicos. También, se encuentra que en los grupos de cadenas productivas de energía, químicos, vehículos y eléctricos se genera un proceso de creación de exportaciones hacia países no miembros.

Econometrica ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gourieroux ◽  
A. Monfort ◽  
A. Trognon

2005 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR AGUIRREGABIRIA ◽  
PEDRO MIRA

This paper presents a hybrid genetic algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in structural econometric models with multiple equilibria. The algorithm combines a pseudo maximum likelihood (PML) procedure with a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA searches globally over the large space of possible combinations of multiple equilibria in the data. The PML procedure avoids the computation of all the equilibria associated with every trial value of the structural parameters.


Author(s):  
Danang Ibnu Atsir ◽  
Sunaryati Sunaryati

Corruption is a form of abuse of ethical authority by public officials, which is divided into two parts: bribery and forced collection. The effect of corruption like bribes and illegal levies is widespread in the public sector. One interesting investigation is the effect of corruption on international trade. Corruption becomes a barrier in international trade, where corruption plays a role in the access of trade goods and services from within and abroad. Using the gravity model, the focus of this research was the effect of corruption on international trade by taking a case study of Indonesia’s bilateral trade with its nine largest export destination countries. Using panel data, analysis tools used in this research were common effect, fixed effect, random effect and poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML). In this research, it was found that geographical distance variable in its fixed units caused the omitted variable so that the error term correlated with independent variables. In order to overcome the problem, poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method was used in performing regression gravity model with linear log form, so the omitted variable issue on the geographical distance can be eliminated. The results of this research concluded that corruption played a role in international trade through bureaucratic mechanisms of trade and investment licensing and the effect of corruption was more detrimental to exporters.Keywords:   Gravity Model, Corruption, International Trade, Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML).


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