ANALISIS SENSITIVITAS VIDEO MPEG-4 BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR FRAME PADA TRANSMISI DVB-T

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Sandy Suryo Prayogo ◽  
Tubagus Maulana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Noise Ratio

DVB merupakan standar transmisi televisi digital yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Unsur terpenting dari suatu proses transmisi adalah kualitas gambar dari video yang diterima setelah melalui proses transimisi tersebut. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dari suatu gambar, salah satunya adalah struktur frame dari video. Pada tulisan ini dilakukan pengujian sensitifitas video MPEG-4 berdasarkan struktur frame pada transmisi DVB-T. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan simulasi matlab dan simulink. Digunakan juga ffmpeg untuk menyediakan format dan pengaturan video akan disimulasikan. Variabel yang diubah dari video adalah bitrate dan juga group-of-pictures (GOP), sedangkan variabel yang diubah dari transmisi DVB-T adalah signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) pada kanal AWGN di antara pengirim (Tx) dan penerima (Rx). Hasil yang diperoleh dari percobaan berupa kualitas rata-rata gambar pada video yang diukur menggunakan metode pengukuran structural-similarity-index (SSIM). Dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap jumlah bit-error-rate BER pada bitstream DVB-T. Percobaan yang dilakukan dapat menunjukkan seberapa besar sensitifitas bitrate dan GOP dari video pada transmisi DVB-T dengan kesimpulan semakin besar bitrate maka akan semakin buruk nilai kualitas gambarnya, dan semakin kecil nilai GOP maka akan semakin baik nilai kualitasnya. Penilitian diharapkan dapat dikembangkan menggunakan deep learning untuk memperoleh frame struktur yang tepat di kondisi-kondisi tertentu dalam proses transmisi televisi digital.

scholarly journals Securing audio transmission based on encoding and steganography

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
Enas Wahab Abood ◽  
Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar ◽  
Mustafa A. Al Sibahee ◽  
Mohammed Abdulridha Hussain ◽  
Zaid Alaa Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Noise Ratio

One of the things that must be considered when establishing a data exchange connection is to make that communication confidential and hide the file’s features when the snoopers intercept it. In this work, transformation (encoding) and steganography techniques are invested to produce an efficient system to secure communication for an audio signal by producing an efficient method to transform the signal into a red–green–blue (RGB) image. Subsequently, this image is hidden in a cover audio file by using the least significant bit (LSB) method in the spatial and transform domains using discrete wavelet transform. The audio files of the message and the cover are in *.wav format. The experimental results showed the success of the transformation in concealing audio secret messages, as well the remarkability of the stego signal quality in both techniques. A peak signal-to-noise ratio peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) scored (20-26) dB with wavelet and (81-112) dB with LSB for cover file size 4.96 MB and structural similarity index metric structural similarity index metric (SSIM) has been used to measure the signal quality which gave 1 with LSB while wavelet was (0.9-1), which is satisfactory in all experimented signals with low time consumption. This work also used these metrics to compare the implementation of LSB and WAV.

scholarly journals Image Denoising by using Modified SGHP Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Sreedhar Kollem ◽  
K. Ramalinga Reddy ◽  
D. Sreenivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Noisy Observation ◽  
Noise Ratio

In real time applications, image denoising is a predominant task. This task makes adequate preparation for images looks prominent. But there are several denoising algorithms and every algorithm has its own distinctive attribute based upon different natural images. In this paper, we proposed a perspective that is modified parameter in S-Gradient Histogram Preservation denoising method. S-Gradient Histogram Preservation is a method to compute the structure gradient histogram from the noisy observation by taking different noise standard deviations of different images. The performance of this method is enumerated in terms of peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index of a particular image. In this paper, mainly focus on peak signal to noise ratio, structural similarity index, noise estimation and a measure of structure gradient histogram of a given image.

scholarly journals Encryption Based Image Watermarking Algorithm in 2DWT-DCT Domains

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5540
Author(s):  
Nayeem Hasan ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Wenyu Chen ◽  
Muhammad Ashad Kabir ◽  
Saad Al-Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

This paper proposes an encryption-based image watermarking scheme using a combination of second-level discrete wavelet transform (2DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) with an auto extraction feature. The 2DWT has been selected based on the analysis of the trade-off between imperceptibility of the watermark and embedding capacity at various levels of decomposition. DCT operation is applied to the selected area to gather the image coefficients into a single vector using a zig-zig operation. We have utilized the same random bit sequence as the watermark and seed for the embedding zone coefficient. The quality of the reconstructed image was measured according to bit correction rate, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and similarity index. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme is highly robust under different types of image-processing attacks. Several image attacks, e.g., JPEG compression, filtering, noise addition, cropping, sharpening, and bit-plane removal, were examined on watermarked images, and the results of our proposed method outstripped existing methods, especially in terms of the bit correction ratio (100%), which is a measure of bit restoration. The results were also highly satisfactory in terms of the quality of the reconstructed image, which demonstrated high imperceptibility in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR ≥ 40 dB) and structural similarity (SSIM ≥ 0.9) under different image attacks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of objective video quality assessment methods on video sequences with different spatial and temporal activity encoded at different spatial resolutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jelena Vlaović ◽  
Drago Žagar ◽  
Snježana Rimac-Drlje ◽  
Mario Vranješ
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index

With the development of Video on Demand applications due to the availability of high-speed internet access, adaptive streaming algorithms have been developing and improving. The focus is on improving user’s Quality of Experience (QoE) and taking it into account as one of the parameters for the adaptation algorithm. Users often experience changing network conditions, so the goal is to ensure stable video playback with satisfying QoE level. Although subjective Video Quality Assessment (VQA) methods provide more accurate results regarding user’s QoE, objective VQA methods cost less and are less time-consuming. In this article, nine different objective VQA methods are compared on a large set of video sequences with various spatial and temporal activities. VQA methods used in this analysis are: Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), MultiScale Structural Similarity Index (MS-SSIM), Video Quality Metric (VQM), Mean Sum of Differences (DELTA), Mean Sum of Absolute Differences (MSAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Netflix Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (Netflix VMAF) and Visual Signal-to-Noise Ratio (VSNR). The video sequences used for testing purposes were encoded according to H.264/AVC with twelve different target coding bitrates, at three different spatial resolutions (resulting in a total of 190 sequences). In addition to objective quality assessment, subjective quality assessment was performed for these sequences. All results acquired by objective VQA methods have been compared with subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) results using Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC). Measurement results obtained on a large set of video sequences with different spatial resolutions show that VQA methods like SSIM and VQM correlate better with MOS results compared to PSNR, SSIM, VSNR, DELTA, MSE, VMAF and MSAD. However, the PLCC results for SSIM and VQM are too low (0.7799 and 0.7734, respectively), for the usage of these methods in streaming services instead of subjective testing. These results suggest that more efficient VQA methods should be developed to be used in streaming testing procedures as well as to support the video segmentation process. Furthermore, when comparing results obtained for different spatial resolutions, it can be concluded that the quality of video sequences encoded at lower spatial resolutions in cases of lower target coding bitrate is higher compared to the quality of video sequences encoded at higher spatial resolutions at the same target coding bitrate, particularly when video sequences with higher spatial and temporal information are used.

scholarly journals BIT ERROR RATE ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT TERRAINS FOR LTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Dilshad Mahjabeen ◽  
Moshiur Rahman Tarafder ◽  
T Saikat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Clear Idea

Focus of this paper is mainly evaluating the performance of Long Term Evolution (LTE) system in different terrains such as urban, suburban and rural area. The performance parameters such as, Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Data Throughput are reported in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The system parameters taken into consideration are signal to noise ratio (SNR), number of receiving antenna (RxAn), reference channel and duplex mode. All of the simulations were performed in MATLAB, version 2014a simulink. The results are presented in table and graph which gives clear idea of the effect of environment on signal and receiver sensitivity. Also bit-error-rate, an important parameter in case of receiving signal, is analyzed with respect to SNR values. A comparative analysis of bit-error-rate is performed between three areas for same conditions which proves that LTE signal is well suited in a rural area than that of a suburban and urban area.

Electrocardiogram transmission over OFDM system

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Jain ◽  
Sanjeev Narayan Sharma ◽  
Alok Jain
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Quantization Error ◽  
Remote Patient Monitoring ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Remote Patient ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Abstract Remote patient monitoring is an important area of research. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a vital health parameter which can be remotely transmitted to monitor the patient’s health. In this field, there are many research directions which include ECG security, patient data hiding in ECG, ECG classification, ECG transmission and reception. In this paper, an effective methodology for ECG transmission over OFDM wireless communication system has been presented. Issues related to transmission of ECG as image have also been discussed. Before ECG is transmitted over OFDM analog ECG signal is to be converted into series of bits for which sampling and quantization has to be performed. The quantization error arises due to number of chosen samples and quantization levels. In this work, it is shown that the quantization error can be brought down to zero using symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) for data representation. Performance of the ECG transmission using different methodologies has been compared using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM), Bit Error Rate (BER) and Pixel Error Rate (PER).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document