scholarly journals The blood–gas partition coefficient

2020 ◽  
pp. S8-S11
Author(s):  
E Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Anaesthetic Action ◽  
Volatile Agents

A partition coefficient (λ) describes the relative affinity of a volatile anaesthetic for two phases and how that anaesthetic distributes itself between the two phases when equilibrium has been achieved. The blood–gas partition coefficient (λb/g), or Ostwald coefficient for blood–gas, is a pharmacological term used to describe the solubility of a volatile anaesthetic agent. Volatile agents with a low blood–gas partition coefficient (less soluble) will exert a high partial pressure and produce a more rapid onset and offset of anaesthetic action.

scholarly journals Fluothane: A Non-explosive Volatile Anaesthetic Agent

BMJ ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4999) ◽  
pp. 969-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bryce-Smith ◽  
H. D. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Three Volatile Anaesthetic Agent Monitors

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Ilsley ◽  
J. L. Plummer ◽  
W. B. Runciman ◽  
M. J. Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Agent ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Source Signal ◽  
Rate Of Response

Three volatile anaesthetic agent monitors (Datex Normac Anesthetic Agent Monitor, Engstrom Emma Multigas Monitor and Penlon Halothane Meter) were evaluated for the effects of nitrous oxide or water vapour, and for their linearity, stability, and rate of response to a change in concentration of various anaesthetic agents under simulated working conditions. None was affected by nitrous oxide, and only the Engstrom Emma was affected by water vapour. Linearity was satisfactory for all three devices but stability, with respect to zero and gain drift, was satisfactory only for the Datex Normac and Penlon Meter. Rates of response for 10% to 90% of source signal ranged from 0.8 seconds for the Datex Normac to about three seconds for the Penlon Meter.

scholarly journals Changing Patterns in Volatile Anaesthetic Agent Consumption over Seven Years in Victorian Public Hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Weinberg ◽  
S. Tay ◽  
V. Aykanat ◽  
R. Segal ◽  
C. O. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Changing Patterns

scholarly journals Hazards of Anaesthetic Scavenging: Case Reports and Brief Review

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. O'Connor ◽  
B. W. Daniels ◽  
J. Pfitzner
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
First Case ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Accidental Overdose ◽  
And Function

Two cases are presented of misadventure occurring in association with the use of anaesthetic scavenging equipment. The first case demonstrates how easily the scavenging line linking the venting port of a mechanical ventilator to the scavenging interface can become accidentally obstructed. The second case suggests that the proper use of scavenging equipment will effectively eliminate any possibility of recognising by smell an accidental overdose of volatile anaesthetic agent. Previous reports of scavenging hazards are briefly reviewed. It is concluded from this review that scavenging suction should be‘low-vacuum’, that a relief valve must be included in the scavenging pathway proximal to any site of potential obstruction, and that the appearance and function of a scavenging interface must be simple and immediately obvious.

scholarly journals Promoting low-flow anaesthesia and volatile anaesthetic agent choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A Carter ◽  
Molola Oyewole ◽  
Eleanor Bates ◽  
Kate Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Volatile Agent ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Low Flow Anaesthesia ◽  
Volatile Agents

BackgroundAs doctors, we are increasingly aware of the financial implications of our practice. The need to work in a more conscientious, efficacious and cost-effective manner is greater than ever before. Environmental and financial benefits can be seen through employing the use of low-flow anaesthesia.AimsThis quality improvement project aimed to make anaesthetic practice more environmentally friendly and to reduce departmental spending. This could be achieved by promoting the use of low-flow anaesthesia and by encouraging isoflurane use where appropriate.MethodsAll anaesthetic consultants and trainees were invited to fill out an initial questionnaire relating to their personal preferences and practices when conducting anaesthesia. There were specific questions relating to low-flow anaesthesia and isoflurane use. Our main measure of improvement was any decrease in the number of bottles of volatile agent ordered by the department from pharmacy. Monthly spot audits were conducted to assess gas flow rates and volatile agent use in theatre. Departmental spending figures relating to the purchase of volatile agent bottles were obtained from pharmacy. Information was then disseminated to anaesthetists on a monthly basis via a ‘low-flow board’, which showed pictorial and graphical representations of differing gas flows and volatile agent usage in relation to cost.ResultsOur project showed a trend for the increased use of low-flow anaesthesia within the department. We also showed a decrease in the number of bottles of volatile agent ordered: 18% fewer bottles ordered compared with the same period the previous year. This represented a 25% decrease in total departmental expenditure on volatile agents despite an increase in theatre activity.ConclusionIncreasing awareness regarding anaesthetic choices and promoting low-flow anaesthesia and isoflurane use, translated into an overall decreased departmental spend on volatile agents without affecting patient care.

Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABAA and glycine receptors

Nature ◽  
10.1038/38738 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 389 (6649) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. John Mihic ◽  
Qing Ye ◽  
Marilee J. Wick ◽  
Vladimir V. Koltchine ◽  
Matthew D. Krasowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Anaesthetic ◽  
Glycine Receptors ◽  
Anaesthetic Action

An examination of the relationship between molecular dipole moment and blood-gas partition for common anaesthetic gases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Antonio Martins ◽  
Matheus de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Molecular Dipole ◽  
Molecular Dipole Moment ◽  
Anaesthetic Gases ◽  
The Relationship

The solubility of inhalational anaesthetics in the bloodstream is related to the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), which is an indicator of anaesthetic gas potency. The blood-gas partition coefficient (Kbg) is...

scholarly journals Closed Circuit Anaesthesia in Ventilated Patients using the Komesaroff Vaporizer within the Circle

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bewley ◽  
R. J. Eltringham ◽  
P. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Anaesthetic Gases ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthesia ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Ventilated Patients

A study was undertaken to assess the performance of the Komesaroff vaporizer, placed within the circuit, in ventilated patients during maintenance of closed circuit anaesthesia with halothane or isoflurane. Following intravenous induction, anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation. This was achieved using a conventional vaporizer outside the circle for the first 10 minutes to manage the fast uptake phase. The fresh gas flow was then reduced to the basal oxygen requirement with the Komesaroff vaporizer within the circle maintaining inhalational anaesthesia. Complete isolation of the circuit was achieved by returning all anaesthetic gases to the circuit following analysis and using a bag-in-bottle ventilator. The Komesaroff vaporizer dial was positioned at between the first and second division and end-tidal volatile anaesthetic agent levels were measured. This study demonstrated that at dial positions I or 1.5 with either agent, the end-tidal volatile concentration plateaued at clinically acceptable levels. The Komesaroff vaporizer can therefore be used safely in ventilated patients to maintain closed circuit anaesthesia provided clinical observation and monitoring are meticulous.

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