Epigenetics - A Paradigm shift in Cancer Management

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the US. The use of precision medicine in the past 10 years has significantly changed the therapeutic landscape of lung cancer. Management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has transitioned from a chemotherapeutic approach to targeted treatments and immunotherapeutic agents. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for patients with targeted mutations while patients who do not have driver mutations; immunotherapy has been recently approved as frontline therapy, which has resulted in marked improvement in overall survival and added a new tool in our armamentarium. Aims: The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advancements in diagnostic approach and management strategies in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Materials and methods: Published studies included in Medline (via PubMed) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines were reviewed for data gathering. Conclusion: The use of next generation sequencing has significantly changed our understanding of molecular oncogenic mechanisms of lung cancer. These advancements have created a paradigm shift in the treatment strategies of metastatic lung cancer from primarily chemotherapeutic approach to increasing use of targeted therapies and immune check point inhibitors (ICI) leading to better survival rates and lesser toxicity.

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A review on exploring better safety prospects in managing cancer using liposomal combinations of food bioactive compounds and anticancer drugs: Combisomes

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818999210120203904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Akhilesh Dubey ◽

Ravi G. Shriram ◽

Sally A. El-Zahaby

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Anticancer Agent ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Enormous Number

Abstract: Nowadays, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases affecting an annually enormous number of people. Around 9.6 million people had died from different cancer types in 2018. Chemotherapy is considered to be a mainline treatment, and systemic administration of a single anticancer agent is also considered as vital clinical debacles of chemotherapy in cancer management. The formulators have been focusing currently onto procuring maximum benefit with the lowest aftereffects and maximum safety and efficacy for the patients undergoing chemotherapy. This review offers a perspective on the future developments of encapsulating food bioactive compounds with anticancer agents in a multifunctional single nanoliposomal delivery system. In the last decade, the paradigm shift was seen in formulating drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Currently, food bioactive compounds are being taken as a hot subject by the researchers, especially for the treatment of cancer owing to both preventative and curative quality. This review collects the utilization of liposomes in the delivery of anticancer drugs by encapsulating with food bioactive compounds by the oral administration. The authors coined the name of this combination is “Combisomes” as a fourth generation liposomes. Authors opine that “Combisomes” can tackle cancer minimizing side effects encountered from the usual anticancer agents. “Combisomes” will purvey a safe platform for the delivery of food bioactive compounds and anticancer agents for managing cancer with better safety prospects.

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Precision oncology in urothelial cancer

ESMO Open ◽

10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. e000616

Author(s):

Elizabeth Liow ◽

Ben Tran

Keyword(s):

Precision Medicine ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Precision Oncology ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Drug Conjugates ◽

Response To Chemotherapy ◽

Knowledge Of Cancer

Genomics-driven, precision medicine has been adopted in virtually every tumour type and underlies the significant advances in cancer management to date. The paradigm shift from the indiscriminate use of chemotherapeutics, to strategies that harness our mechanistic knowledge of cancer biology has led to profound clinical benefit for patients, and will continue to mould present and future treatment approaches. In the realm of urothelial cancer, the present status of precision medicine includes a rich landscape that encompasses molecularly-matched therapy, predictive biomarkers that could help inform response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as novel strategies such as antibody drug conjugates that exploit the use of target proteins for enhanced tumour killing. Here, we present an overview on these clinically-impactful discoveries in urothelial cancer, discuss the limitations and challenges in the implementation of precision oncology, and offer our vision for its future.

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Paradigm shift in the management of metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

10.22541/au.161358458.83540275/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruby Gupta ◽

Melanie Smalley ◽

Nwabundo Anusim ◽

Vishal Jindal ◽

Mandeep Singh Rahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Small Cell ◽

Driver Mutations ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Chemotherapeutic Approach

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the US. The use of precision medicine in the past 10 years has significantly changed the therapeutic landscape of lung cancer. Management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has transitioned from a chemotherapeutic approach to targeted treatments and immunotherapeutic agents. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for patients with targeted mutations while patients who do not have driver mutations; immunotherapy has been recently approved as frontline therapy, which has resulted in marked improvement in overall survival and added a new tool in our armamentarium. Aims: The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advancements in diagnostic approach and management strategies in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Materials and methods: Published studies included in Medline (via PubMed) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines were reviewed for data gathering. Conclusion: The use of next generation sequencing has significantly changed our understanding of molecular oncogenic mechanisms of lung cancer. These advancements have created a paradigm shift in the treatment strategies of metastatic lung cancer from primarily chemotherapeutic approach to increasing use of targeted therapies and immune check point inhibitors (ICI) leading to better survival rates and lesser toxicity.

Download Full-text