scholarly journals PARATHYROID STATUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HAEMOGLOBINOPATHIES AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Funmilola Aduke Mapayi ◽  
Mabel Ayebatonyo Charles-Davies ◽  
Matthew Ogunlakin ◽  
Taiwo Rachel Kotila ◽  
Jokotade Oluremilekun Adeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Beta Thalassaemia ◽  
Parathyroid Function ◽  
Thalassaemia Trait ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Parathyroid Dysfunction

Background: Endocrine action is integrative and an endocrine dysfunction of one gland is known to affect other endocrine glands. Parathyroid glands are associated with the beta cell function. Thus, insulin resistance observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be associated with alterations of parathyroid hormones and their metabolic pathways. These have been reported to have a genetic root, postulated to be aberrant haemoglobin gene resulting in haemoglobin variants. This has not been fully explored in sub-Saharan Africa, which has significant population of haemoglobin variants. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of parathyroid dysfunction and its association with haemoglobinopathies among Sub-Saharan Africans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A total of 204 individuals aged 25 – 80 years which comprised 100 T2DM and 104 Controls without T2DM were enrolled from a tertiary hospital, in Ibadan, Nigeria and environs.10mL intravenous blood was obtained from each participant. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Calcium, Phosphate, Albumin and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) were analysed spectrophotometrically. Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2), Haemoglobin A (HbA), Haemoglobin C (HbC) and Haemoglobin S (HbS) and Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method using Variant Haemoglobin Testing System (Bio-Rad Variant II). Data analysed using appropriate statistical analysis were significant at p<0.05. Results: Normal parathyroid function, hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism were present in 93% vs 96%, 3% vs 0.96% and 4% vs 6.73% in T2DM and controls respectively. T2DM and controls with AA and Non AA had 62% vs 31% normoparathyroidism, 3% vs 0% hyperparathyroidism and 2% vs 2% hypoparathyroidism respectively. The association between parathyroid gland disorder in T2DM and controls with the various haemoglobin variants was not significant (p>0.05) but the difference between parathyroid function in the control group with and without Beta Thalassaemia Trait was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism were revealed in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and control individuals with haemoglobin genotype AA (HbAA). Hypoparathyroidism was also found among controls with Beta Thalassaemia Trait. Timely identification of these disorders may be helpful in appropriate therapeutic regimen to facilitate bone growth, prevent fractures and complications of parathyroid gland in these individuals. KEYWORDS: Haemoglobin Variants, Parathyroid Dysfunction, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

scholarly journals Nurse-Led Education and Engagement for Diabetes Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Singh ◽  
Michelle Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Task Shifting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Sub Saharan

BACKGROUND As the impact of diabetes grows steeply in sub-Saharan Africa, improvement of the control and treatment of diabetes is a goal that health care systems in sub-Saharan Africa must achieve in the near future. Sub-Saharan Africa faces a number of challenges in addressing the increasing effects of diabetes. One important factor is the shortage of adequately trained health care workers. Diabetes management in sub-Saharan Africa would benefit from innovative approaches that are founded upon solid theoretical constructs, built upon existing human resources and infrastructure, and culturally tailored to the priorities and needs of the local population. Existing resources, such as mobile phones and task-shifting strategies, may be used to assist individuals with glycemic self-management and to facilitate management of additional day-to-day clinical responsibilities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the Nurse-Led Education and Engagement Study for Diabetes Care (NEEDS) mixed-methods protocol is to develop a practical, collaborative, effective, and sustainable program for diabetes prevention and management specifically for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. The protocol aims to improve access to care through task-shifting strategies and the use of mobile health technology. METHODS This study was designed using a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach that consisted of surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and focused ethnography. Novel approaches, such as task-shifting strategies and the use of mobile technology, were implemented for type 2 diabetes mellitus health care in sub-Saharan Africa—currently an under-researched area. RESULTS Data collection began in February 2018, after ethics approval, at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. As of May 2020, participant surveys have been completed (N=100), key informant interviews (n=7) have been completed, and focus groups (5 focus groups; patients, n=18; caregivers, n=6; community leaders, n=2; and faith leaders, n=3) as well as focused ethnographic field observations have been completed. All audio recordings have been transcribed and transcripts of sessions recorded in Twi have been translated to English. Data analysis is currently underway and anticipated completion is in the spring of 2020. Following data analysis, investigators plan to publish study findings. CONCLUSIONS Insights from this study will inform the preliminary development of a feasible and effective nurse-led education and engagement mobile health intervention that has the potential to reduce diabetes-related morbidity, mortality, and burden in sub-Saharan Africa. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/15408

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian C. Tuei ◽  
Geoffrey K. Maiyoh ◽  
Chung-Eun Ha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha A. Motala ◽  
Jean Claude Mbanya ◽  
Kaushik Ramaiya ◽  
Fraser J. Pirie ◽  
Kenneth Ekoru
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Sub Saharan
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