scholarly journals Properties of inhibitory and excitatory commissural connections between the superior colliculi in relation to saccade generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Mayu Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculi ◽  
Commissural Connections ◽  
Saccade Generation

Commissural Mirror-Symmetric Excitation and Reciprocal Inhibition Between the Two Superior Colliculi and Their Roles in Vertical and Horizontal Eye Movements

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2664-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takahashi ◽  
Y. Sugiuchi ◽  
Y. Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Inhibition ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Superior Colliculi ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Topographical Distribution ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Forel's Field H ◽  
Commissural Connections ◽  
Monosynaptic Excitation

The functional roles of commissural excitation and inhibition between the two superior colliculi (SCs) are not yet well understood. We previously showed the existence of strong excitatory commissural connections between the rostral SCs, although commissural connections had been considered to be mainly inhibitory. In this study, by recording intracellular potentials, we examined the topographical distribution of commissural monosynaptic excitation and inhibition from the contralateral medial and lateral SC to tectoreticular neurons (TRNs) in the medial or lateral SC of anesthetized cats. About 85% of TRNs examined projected to both the ipsilateral Forel's field H and the contralateral inhibitory burst neuron region where the respective premotor neurons for vertical and horizontal saccades reside. Medial TRNs received strong commissural excitation from the medial part of the opposite SC, whereas lateral TRNs received excitation mainly from its lateral part. Injection of wheat germ agglutinin–horseradish peroxidase into the lateral or medial SC retrogradely labeled many larger neurons in the lateral or medial part of the contralateral SC, respectively. These results indicated that excitatory commissural connections exist between the medial and medial parts and between the lateral and lateral parts of the rostral SCs. These may play an important role in reinforcing the conjugacy of upward and downward saccades, respectively. In contrast, medial SC projections to lateral SC TRNs and lateral SC projections to medial TRNs mainly produce strong inhibition. This shows that regions representing upward saccades inhibit contralateral regions representing downward saccades and vice versa.

An examination of the variables that affect express saccade generation

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER H. SCHILLER ◽  
JOHANNES HAUSHOFER ◽  
GEOFFERY KENDALL
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Express Saccades ◽  
Express Saccade ◽  
Saccadic System ◽  
Fixation Spot ◽  
Temporal Asynchrony ◽  
Saccade Generation ◽  
Gap Time

The frequency with which express saccades are generated under a variety of conditions in rhesus monkeys was examined. Increasing the gap time between fixation spot termination and target onset increased express saccade frequency but was progressively less effective in doing so as the number of target positions in the sample was increased. Express saccades were rarely produced when two targets were presented simultaneously and the choice of either of which was rewarded; a temporal asynchrony of only 17 ms between the targets reinstated express saccade generation. Express saccades continued to be generated when the vergence or pursuit systems was coactivated with the saccadic system.

Functions of the Superior Colliculi in Vision

1936 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
John D. Layman
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculi

Triggering mechanisms in microsaccade and saccade generation: a novel proposal

2011 ◽  
Vol 1233 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Otero-Millan ◽  
Stephen L. Macknik ◽  
Alessandro Serra ◽  
R. John Leigh ◽  
Susana Martinez-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Saccade Generation

[18F]-Fdg Pet Identified Superior Colliculi Hypometabolism in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Jaillard ◽  
Gregory Petyt ◽  
Maxime Morelle
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Superior Colliculi ◽  
18F Fdg

Hippocampal neurons grafted to newborn rats establish efferent commissural connections

1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T�nder ◽  
J.C. S�rensen ◽  
E. Bakkum ◽  
E. Danielsen ◽  
J. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Commissural Connections

scholarly journals The integration of visual and auditory cues for express saccade generation

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
P. Schiller ◽  
M. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Express Saccade ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Saccade Generation

Effects of electrical stimulation of the superior colliculi on focal epileptic activity in the cerebral cortex

1993 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 900-903
Author(s):  
G. N. Kryzhanovskii ◽  
A. A. Shandra ◽  
L. S. Godlevskii ◽  
S. L. Vikhrestyuk
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Superior Colliculi ◽  
Focal Epileptic Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of
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