scholarly journals Additive summation by stimulus compounding irrespective of behavioral contrast during discrimination training: An investigation with positive reinforcement and avoidance schedules

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Contrast ◽  
Stimulus Compounding ◽  
Additive Summation

Some Determinants of the Peak Shift in Stimulus Generalization

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Contrast ◽  
Generalization Test ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Subsequent Discrimination

Rats were pretrained in the presence of an auditory click rate stimulus of 14 pps correlated with variable-interval or variable-ratio reinforcement. During subsequent discrimination training, the added stimulus, correlated with extinction, was 18, 36, 72, or 0 (no sound) pps. After discrimination, Ss were given a generalization test session, in extinction, in which five click rate stimuli were presented. The inverse relationship between physical separation of the discrimination training stimuli and amount of peak shift of the generalization gradient occurred regardless of the original positive reinforcement schedule during training. Behavioral contrast was not produced by all Ss. Results demonstrated no effect of separation of training stimuli on behavioral contrast and that behavioral contrast and peak shift need not covary.

scholarly journals ADDITIVE SUMMATION FOLLOWING INTRADIMENSIONAL DISCRIMINATION TRAINING

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hamm ◽  
James C. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Additive Summation

Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bloom ◽  
Shareen Holly ◽  
Adam M. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Cns Stimulant ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

In Brief: Positive reinforcement helps children avoid junk food

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Junk Food

Effects of discrimination training on stage of moral judgment

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linwood Small
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Discrimination Training

Criterion Shift and Anchoring in a Discrimination Training Paradigm: the Importance of Pre-Training

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Scielzo ◽  
Stephen M. Fiore ◽  
Florian Jentsch ◽  
Sherri A. Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Training Paradigm ◽  
Criterion Shift

Simple visual discrimination training of the giant panda

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela S. Kelling ◽  
Rebecca Snyder ◽  
Jack Marr ◽  
Mollie Bloomsmith ◽  
Terry Maple
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Giant Panda
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