scholarly journals Toward a more fine-grained theory of temporal adverbials

2015 ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Daniel Gordon Altshuler

In this paper I propose that a core property of adverbial meaning is the ability (or the lack thereof) of an adverbial to introduce a new time discourse referent. The core data comes from 'that same day' in narrative discourse. I argue that unlike other previously studied temporal adverbials—which introduce a new time discourse referent and relate it to the speech time or a previously mentioned time—'that same' retrieves two salient times from the input context, i.e. it is "twice-anaphoric", without introducing one of its own. Moreover, I argue that the adverb 'currently' is like 'that same day' in not introducing a new time discourse referent; it constrains the temporal location of a described eventuality relative to a salient time previously introduced into the discourse context. The analysis that I propose is implemented within Compositional Discourse Representation Theory. It illustrates how adverbial meaning can be integrated within a more general theory of temporal interpretation.

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gordon Altshuler

In this paper I propose that a core property of adverbial meaning is the ability (or the lack thereof) of an adverbial to introduce a new time discourse referent. The core data comes from 'that same day' in narrative discourse. I argue that unlike other previously studied temporal adverbials—which introduce a new time discourse referent and relate it to the speech time or a previously mentioned time—'that same' retrieves two salient times from the input context, i.e. it is "twice-anaphoric", without introducing one of its own. Moreover, I argue that the adverb 'currently' is like 'that same day' in not introducing a new time discourse referent; it constrains the temporal location of a described eventuality relative to a salient time previously introduced into the discourse context. The analysis that I propose is implemented within Compositional Discourse Representation Theory. It illustrates how adverbial meaning can be integrated within a more general theory of temporal interpretation.


Author(s):  
Ted J.M. Sanders ◽  
Vera Demberg ◽  
Jet Hoek ◽  
Merel C.J. Scholman ◽  
Fatemeh Torabi Asr ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this paper, we show how three often used and seemingly different discourse annotation frameworks – Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB), Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), and Segmented Discourse Representation Theory – can be related by using a set of unifying dimensions. These dimensions are taken from the Cognitive approach to Coherence Relations and combined with more fine-grained additional features from the frameworks themselves to yield a posited set of dimensions that can successfully map three frameworks. The resulting interface will allow researchers to find identical or at least closely related relations within sets of annotated corpora, even if they are annotated within different frameworks. Furthermore, we tested our unified dimension (UniDim) approach by comparing PDTB and RST annotations of identical newspaper texts and converting their original end label annotations of relations into the accompanying values per dimension. Subsequently, rates of overlap in the attributed values per dimension were analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed dimensions indeed create an interface that makes existing annotation systems “talk to each other.”


1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (89) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Herron ◽  
Hoar ◽  
Chester C. Langway

AbstractThe Camp Century, Greenland, ice core was recovered from a bore hole which extended 1 375 m from the surface of the Greenland ice sheet to the ice/sub-ice interface. The bottom 15.7 m of the core contain over 300 alternating bands of clear and debris-laden ice. The size of the included debris ranges from particles less than 2 μm in diameter to particle aggregates which are a maximum of 3 cm in diameter: the average debris concentration is 0.24ºº by weight. The debris size, concentration, and composition indicate that the debris originates from the till-like material directly below the debris-laden ice. The total gas concentration averages 51 ml/kg ice compared to the average of 101 ml/kg ice for the top 1 340 m. The gas composition of debris-bearing ice has apparently been modified by the oxidation of methane as reflected by traces of methane, high CO2 levels, and low O2 levels with respect to atmospheric air. Argon, which is not affected by the oxidation, shows an enrichment in samples with lower gas concentrations. Both the low gas concentrations in the debris-laden zone and the argon enrichment may be explained by the downward diffusion of gases from bubbly glacier ice into an originally bubble-free zone of refrozen debris-laden ice. Ice texture and ice-fabric analyses reveal extremely fine-grained ice and highly preferred crystal orientation in the lowermost 10 m of the core, indicating a zone of high deformation.


Author(s):  
David José Murteira Mendes ◽  
Irene Pimenta Rodrigues ◽  
César Fonseca

A question answering system to help clinical practitioners in a cardiovascular healthcare environment to interface clinical decision support systems can be built by using an extended discourse representation structure, CIDERS, and an ontology framework, Ontology for General Clinical Practice. CIDERS is an extension of the well-known DRT (discourse representation theory) structures, intending to go beyond single text representation to embrace the general clinical history of a given patient represented in an ontology. The Ontology for General Clinical Practice improves the currently available state-of-the-art ontologies for medical science and for the cardiovascular specialty. The chapter shows the scientific and philosophical reasons of its present dual structure with a deeply expressive (SHOIN) terminological base (TBox) and a highly computable (EL++) assertions knowledge base (ABox). To be able to use the current reasoning techniques and methodologies, the authors made a thorough inventory of biomedical ontologies currently available in OWL2 format.


Author(s):  
David José Murteira Mendes ◽  
Irene Pimenta Rodrigues ◽  
César Fonseca

A question answering system to help clinical practitioners in a cardiovascular healthcare environment to interface clinical decision support systems can be built by using an extended discourse representation structure, CIDERS, and an ontology framework, Ontology for General Clinical Practice. CIDERS is an extension of the well-known DRT (discourse representation theory) structures, intending to go beyond single text representation to embrace the general clinical history of a given patient represented in an ontology. The Ontology for General Clinical Practice improves the currently available state-of-the-art ontologies for medical science and for the cardiovascular specialty. The chapter shows the scientific and philosophical reasons of its present dual structure with a deeply expressive (SHOIN) terminological base (TBox) and a highly computable (EL++) assertions knowledge base (ABox). To be able to use the current reasoning techniques and methodologies, the authors made a thorough inventory of biomedical ontologies currently available in OWL2 format.


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