Delineation of Lithological Formation in Bukit Merah, Semanggol, Perak Using Groundwater Modelling Software

The knowledge of lithological formation is important to determine the potential aquifer for water resources management. This study aims to delineate the lithological formation of Bukit Merah, Semanggol using geological data. The preparation of lithological formation in the study was based on several factors such as electrical resistivity survey data, available well lithologies, geological map, and geological-related studies in the study area. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profile produced from the resistivity survey was interpreted based on previous studies to determine the subsurface materials on the location. The estimation of soil lithology for the remaining wells was done to generate the overall subsoil pattern in the study area. A total of 15 types of soil were classified to represent the actual lithology in the study area. The simplification of the actual lithology was carried out based on rocks and soils group. The elevation of the ground surface and each soil layer were imported into Visual MODFLOW software, then the interpolation of elevation points was done. Two interpolators; Kriging and Natural Neighbouring were used to generate ground surface and model layers similar to the topography in the study area. As a result, it has been identified that the study areas consist of 4 main layers of lithological formation which are unconsolidated deposit, sedimentary, metamorphic, and granite. The upper layer is dominated by unconsolidated with a maximum thickness of about 150 m in the coastal area. Hence, it is concluded that the unconsolidated deposit layer in Bukit Merah is highly potential with groundwater resources in the alluvium aquifer at the upper layer which has the potential to be developed for purpose of irrigation in a paddy field in the Kerian area.

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APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) FOR SLOPE FAILURE INVESTIGATION: A CASE STUDY FROM KUALA LUMPUR

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v80.11624 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Iffah Ismail ◽

Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽

Slope Failure ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Resistivity Tomography ◽

Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽

Resistivity Survey ◽

Soil Hardness ◽

Geophysical Surveys

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a commonly used tool in near surface geophysical surveys to investigate numerous geological, environmental, and engineering problems including landslides. In this study, an electrical resistivity survey was conducted at a landslide area, located in Bukit Setiawangsa, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On 29th December 2012, a luxury hilltop bungalow was split into two when a 43m retaining wall was collapsed after a continuous heavy downpour. 2-D electrical resistivity survey have been acquired along two (2) profiles on the adjacent slope in an effort to mitigate the risks of instability, especially during the rectification work of the failed slope using a Schlumberger Array. It produced useful information about the geometry and characteristics of the study area. In addition, the 2-D resistivity method was performed to determine the behaviour of electrical resistivity underlying the slope areas and estimate the location of the failure surface. Four (4) boreholes were also drilled to obtain engineering properties of the study area such as soil classification, moisture content, soil hardness and SPT N-value. In order to develop the relationship between resistivity and engineering properties, a comparison between soil hardness and the resistivity value was made. Results from the ERT indicated the presence of zones with low resistivity values identified as percolated water in permeable loose soil, which was believed to be the potential slip surface. The findings of this study also showed that the electrical resistivity imaging coupled with borehole drillings were useful tools for the characterisation of slope failure via subsurface profiles and engineering properties of soil.

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Potential Groundwater Exploration in Use of 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Techniques at the Department of Agriculture Kelantan Research and Developmental Platform Padang Raja Kelantan

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjst.29.2.28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Wan Fazilah Fazlil Ilahi ◽

Nur Hidayu Abu Hassan ◽

Mohd Razi Ismail ◽

Nik Norasma Che’Ya ◽

Zulkarami Berahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Water Source ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽

Resistivity Survey ◽

Potential Groundwater ◽

Alternative Water ◽

Paddy Cultivation ◽

Complex Features

2-D electrical resistivity has been a proper investigation survey for determination of subsurface geophysical in describing the complex features geology profile. In this study, an electrical resistivity survey was conducted at paddy cultivation area located in Melor, Kelantan, Malaysia. Since the end plot of paddy field experiences water scarcity especially during dry season, there is a need to find other alternative water source. The study was conducted on 1st and 2nd February 2020 to identify zone area of groundwater for Melor, Kelantan. Four resistivity lines using Induced Polarization (IP) and 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technique were conducted using a set of ABEM Terrameter SAS4000. Short resistivity survey was applied to gained detail of subsurface formation near the ground, while the longer resistivity survey was applied to obtain deeper subsurface delineation. Measured data obtained was analyzed using RES2DINV software and result of contrast resistivity values was used to determine the geological structures, while the chargeability values were analyzed accordingly to determine area of expected potential groundwater zone. Results from the resistivity profiles show a range values of 0 Ωm to 50,000 Ωm with total maximum acquired depth of 65.6 m below ground surface. The chargeability profiles show a range values of 0 msec to 500 msec, that shows potential of groundwater zone area lies at 0 to 4 msec. It was found that at a depth of 60 to 75 m, 30 m from center of Profile B was suitable for a production well which was expected to be a potential area for groundwater zone.

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Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Mapping Groundwater Resources in Different Environ

Journal of Water Engineering and Management ◽

10.47884/jweam.v1i2pp01-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

S.N. Rai

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

Resistivity Tomography ◽

Related Case ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Survey Techniques ◽

Geological Formations

A major share of water supply to meet the ever increasing demands for domestic, industrial and irrigation usages is derived from groundwater resources which are distributed over the entire globe. These resources are invisible from ground surface. The need for their delineation with high precision has led to the continuous advancement in the geophysical survey techniques and interpretation theory. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is an outcome of such advancement in the conventional electrical resistivity methods used for exploration of this sub-surface natural resource on the basis of distinctive reduction in the electrical resistivity value of groundwater bearing geological formations/structure in comparison to their host environs devoid of water. Objective of this paper is to present an overview of the application of ERTin delineation of groundwater resources in complex geological setup of problematic areas, sources of geothermal water, and delineation of groundwater pockets in mining areas in order to prevent natural disasters such as landslide in open cast mines with the help of related case studies. This kind of knowledge about the occurrence of groundwater/geothermal resources is essential to achieve the preset objectives of their management.

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