scholarly journals TD 2598 - Os Médicos, a Saúde Como Completo Bem-Estar e a Questão do Desenvolvimento

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Gunnar Myrdal

Este estudo procura evidenciar que a conhecida definição de saúde como um completo bem-estar, conforme consta dos estatutos da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), definidos em 1946, surgiu da influência da doutrina utilitarista de Jeremy Bentham sobre alguns médicos europeus propugnadores da medicina social. Considera-se que a ideia de completo bem-estar deve também ser interpretada prospectivamente pela questão econômico-social do desenvolvimento, conforme seria ratificado em 1952 mediante as ideias desenvolvimentistas do economista sueco Gunnar Myrdal. Neste trabalho, são expostas brevemente as ideias desenvolvimentistas de dois médicos brasileiros, seguidores de Myrdal, Josué de Castro e Mário Magalhães da Silveira. Ademais, o texto defende a tese de que a difusão dos estudos acerca da transição epidemiológica a partir da década de 1970 fez com que médicos pesquisadores de diferentes partes do mundo viessem a renovar seu interesse pela questão do desenvolvimento, especialmente em relação à prioridade das doenças tropicais negligenciadas, entendidas como uma falência da promessa de saúde como completo bem-estar. Adicionalmente, o texto enfoca as ideias de cunho humanista de Amartya Sen sobre saúde como liberdade, e a concepção fenomenológica de Martin Heidegger sobre saúde como estar bem.

Introduction: Plato’s Nightmare

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marmysz
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Objective Reality

This introductory chapter examines the “problem” of nihilism, beginning with its philosophical origins in the ideas of Plato, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger. It is argued that film is an inherently nihilistic medium involving the evocation of illusory worlds cut loose from objective reality. This nihilism of film is distinguished from nihilism in film; the nihilistic content also present in some (but not all) movies. Criticisms of media nihilism by authors such as Thomas Hibbs and Darren Ambrose are examined. It is then argued, contrary to such critics, that cinematic nihilism is not necessarily degrading or destructive. Because the nihilism of film encourages audiences to linger in the presence of nihilism in film, cinematic nihilism potentially trains audiences to learn the positive lessons of nihilism while remaining safely detached from the sorts of dangers depicted on screen.

Basic English

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McElvenny
Keyword(s):  
George Orwell ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
International Language ◽  
Basic English

This chapter explores C. K. Ogden’s project Basic English against the background of the contemporary international language movement. An exposition of the international language movement, its political and philosophical commitments, is followed by an examination of the features of Ogden’s Basic and the rhetoric surrounding it. The connections between the theories developed in The Meaning of Meaning and Basic English are looked at in detail. The chapter closes with a discussion of the influence of Jeremy Bentham and his Panopticon on Basic, and of the reaction of George Orwell to the project, as revealed in his published writings and correspondence with Ogden, and in Newspeak, his parody of constructed languages.

The Political Theology of Schelling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saitya Brata Das
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Franz Rosenzweig ◽  
Political Works ◽  
The Way

This book rigorously examines the theologico-political works of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, setting his thought against Hegel's and showing how he prepared the way for the post-metaphysical philosophy of Martin Heidegger, Franz Rosenzweig and Jacques Derrida.

Waste and Welter: Derrida's Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Sellars
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Wallace Stevens ◽  
The Earth

At first sight, environmental issues do not seem to feature prominently, if at all, in the work of Jacques Derrida. This essay aims to take a closer look, and thereby to issue a challenge to the burgeoning discipline of eco-criticism. Instead of promoting the Beautiful Soul who is equipped to save the planet by virtue of reading poetry, I argue for the ethical primacy of waste and welter (to recycle a phrase from Wallace Stevens). Jonathan Bate's The Song of the Earth, a powerful but pious work of eco-criticism, ends with a test proposed to the reader; I take the test, which entails reading Stevens's late poem ‘The Planet on the Table’, and fail. Bate's invocation of Martin Heidegger is briefly examined, as are traces of Derrida. What remains of Derrida, I propose, is neither method nor concept but rather remainders that trouble the grounding of environment (Umwelt) as such.

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