Lip Shaving in Carcinoma Lower Lip and Reconstruction by Local Advancement Mucosal Flap Under Local Anesthesia: A Case Report

The lips are one of the most important features of the face; and are functionally and aesthetically very important. It serves as border of the oral commissure, provides access to oral cavity and contributes to oral competence. It is important for verbal expression and fundamental for facial expression and overall appearance of face1 . Excessive sun exposure and tobacco use, may develop cancer. The cancer can occur anywhere along the upper or lower lip, but is most common on the lower lip. Most lip cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Surgery is the main stay of treatment and lip shave is an established modality for superficial lesion followed by reconstruction. Extensive surgery may be necessary for larger lesion. Careful planning and reconstruction can restore eating and speaking normally, and also achieve a satisfactory appearance after surgery. Evidence supports that the concept of lip reconstruction started as early as 1000 BC in the sacred texts of great Susruta, India2 . Lip mucosa is very special and it is recommended to reconstruct the surgical defect with lip tissue whenever possible, as any other tissue is never comparable or can replace the lip tissue3 . This is the example of this presented case.

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Composite Skin–Muscle–Mucosal Flap Based on the Superior Labial Artery for Lower Lip Reconstruction

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.047 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 1869-1873 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raffi Gurunluoglu

Keyword(s):

Lower Lip ◽

Lip Reconstruction ◽

Mucosal Flap

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Use of linked mucosal flap for lower lip reconstruction after human bite injury

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215108004027 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 346-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z Zgaljardic ◽

G Racic ◽

Z Colovic

Keyword(s):

Scar Tissue ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Human Bite ◽

Lip Reconstruction ◽

Mucosal Flap ◽

Aesthetic Result ◽

Minimal Scar

AbstractAim:An alternative method of reconstruction of a lower lip defect is presented, using a mucosal flap taken from the upper lip. This approach leaves the skin intact and therefore avoids skin scarring, with its associated unpredictable healing. The upper lip mucosal flap applied to reconstruct the lower lip injury was identical to the injured tissue type.Result:The results were functionally and aesthetically excellent (as illustrated).Conclusion:This technique represents an excellent alternative to reconstruction of a damaged lip, with the benefits of minimal scar tissue formation and excellent aesthetic result.

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A simple method for lower lip reconstruction after trauma using an advancement mucosal flap from the remaining lip

Dental Traumatology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01156.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 465-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming-Yueh Liu ◽

Stamatis Sapountzis ◽

Mun-Yau Choong ◽

Tzong-Shiun Li

Keyword(s):

Simple Method ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Lip Reconstruction ◽

Mucosal Flap

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Primary anatomic reconstruction in upper and lower lips: case report

ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION ◽

10.21270/archi.v8i12.4764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Henrique Hadad ◽

Laís Kawamata de Jesus ◽

Ana Flávia Piquera Santos ◽

Rodrigo Capalbo-Silva ◽

Bruno Coelho Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Muscle Flap ◽

Anatomic Reconstruction ◽

Anatomical Reconstruction ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Lip Reconstruction ◽

Algorithmic Approach ◽

Free Muscle Flap ◽

Oral Commissure

Extensive lip injuries reconstructions require a strategy of treatment. First, the strategy can follow the anatomical references in order to closure the injury reestablishing the lip functions. This article report a reconstruction of an extensive lip injury after a convulsion and a fall in height in a male patient. The lip reconstruction by anatomical reconstruction was effective for immediate structural maintenance and allowed a favorable healing for the second surgical stage.Descriptors: Lip; Wounds and Injuries; Surgery, Oral.ReferencesMatin MB, Dillon J. Lip reconstruction. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2014;26(3):335-57.Lubek JE, Ord RA. Lip reconstruction. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013;25(2):103-14.Cakmak MA, Cinal H, Barin EZ, Sakat MS, Karaduman H, Tan O. Total lower lip. reconstruction with functional gracilis free muscle flap. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(3):735-37.Larrabee YC, Moyer JS. Reconstruction of mohs defects of the lips and chin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2017;25(3):427-42.Coppit GL, Lin DT, Burkey BB. Current concepts in lip reconstruction. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;12(4):281-87.Daraei P, Calligas JP, Katz E, Etra JW, Sethna AB. Reconstruction of upper lip avulsion after dog bite: case report and review of literature. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35(2):219-25.Sanniec KJ, Carboy JA, Thornton JF. Simplifying Lip Reconstruction: An Algorithmic Approach. In Semin Plast Surg. 2018;32(2):69-74.Neligan PC. Strategies in lip reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg. 2009;36(3):477-85.Bai S, Li RW, Xu ZF, Duan WY, Liu FY, Sun CF. Total and near-total lower lip reconstruction: 20 years experience. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(3):367-72.Ogawa R. Surgery for scar revision and reduction: from primary closure to flap surgery. Burns Trauma. 2019;7:7 doi: 10.1186/s41038-019-0144-5.Siqueira EJ, Alvarez GS, Laitano FF, Martins PDE, Oliveira MP. Estratégias em reconstrução do lábio inferior. Rev Bras Cir Plást.2012;27(4):536-41.Estlander JA. Eine methode aus der einen lippe substanzverluste der anderen zu erstzen. Arch Klin Chir. 1872;14:622. Reprinted in English in Plast Reconstr Surg. 1968;42:361.Robotti E, Righi B, Carminati M, Ortelli L, Bonfirraro PP, Devalle L et al. Oral commissure reconstruction with orbicularis oris elastic musculomucosal flaps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63(3):431-39.Yamauchi M, Yotsuyanagi T, Ezoe K, Saito T, Yokoi K, Urushidate S. Estlander flap combined with an extended upper lip flap technique for large defects of lower lip with oral commissure. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62(8):997-1003.

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A driver drowsiness and distraction warning system based on raspberry Pi 3 Kit

Transport and Communication Science Journal ◽

10.25073/tcsj.70.3.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 184-192

Author(s):

Toan Dao Thanh ◽

Vo Thien Linh

Keyword(s):

Processing System ◽

Warning System ◽

Raspberry Pi ◽

Data Set ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Driver Drowsiness ◽

Image Sensing ◽

The Face ◽

The Common ◽

University Laboratory

In this article, a system to detect driver drowsiness and distraction based on image sensing technique is created. With a camera used to observe the face of driver, the image processing system embedded in the Raspberry Pi 3 Kit will generate a warning sound when the driver shows drowsiness based on the eye-closed state or a yawn. To detect the closed eye state, we use the ratio of the distance between the eyelids and the ratio of the distance between the upper lip and the lower lip when yawning. A trained data set to extract 68 facial features and “frontal face detectors” in Dlib are utilized to determine the eyes and mouth positions needed to carry out identification. Experimental data from the tests of the system on Vietnamese volunteers in our University laboratory show that the system can detect at realtime the common driver states of “Normal”, “Close eyes”, “Yawn” or “Distraction”

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