Pyogenic Granuloma of Lower Lip: An Unusual Presentation

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign inflammatory hyperplasia of connective tissue. It depicts an overzealous tissue response to a known stimulus or injury and is commonly found in the gingiva, especially in the anterior maxilla, and rarely on lips, oral mucosa, and tongue. It is commonly seen during the second, third, and fourth decade in females, with predilection in the third decade. This case report depicts the unusual presentation of pyogenic granuloma of the lower lip in an 11-year-old male child following a positive history of trauma and lip biting, which was successfully managed by excision under local anesthesia.

Evaluation of Lip Morphology and Nasolabial Angle in Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and/Palate and Non-Cleft Individuals

Objective: To investigate the variation between the non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) and non-cleft (NC) subjects in relation to the lip morphology (LM) and nasolabial angle (NLA). Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram (Late. Ceph.) of 123 individuals (92 NSCLP [29 = bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), 41 = unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 9 = unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), 13 = unilateral cleft lip (UCL)], and 31 NC) who did not undergo any orthodontic treatment were investigated. By WebCeph, an artificial intelligence- (A.I.) driven software, 2 (two) parameters of LM, namely upper lip to E line (LM-1) and lower lip to E line (LM-2), and NLA analysis was carried out for each individual. Multiple tests were carried out for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ± SD observed for LM-1, LM-2, and NLA for NC individuals were 1.56 ± 2.98, 0.49 ± 3.51, and 97.20 ± 16.10, respectively. On the other hand, the mean ± SD of LM-1, LM-2, and NLA for NSCLP individuals were 4.55 ± 4.23, 1.68 ± 2.82, and 82.02 ± 14.66, respectively. No significant variation was observed with respect to gender and side. NSCLP (different types) and NC individuals showed significant disparities in LM-1 and NLA. Conclusion: It can be concluded that parameters of lip morphology such as LM-1, LM-2, and NLA vary among NSCLP and NC individuals.

Reconstruction of a large lower lip defect using a combination of Abbe and staircase flaps: a case report

Lip defects often occur following wide excision as a surgical treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Defects larger than one-half of the lip cannot be closed primarily and require flap surgery. Reconstruction of the oral sphincter function can be achieved by means of a local flap using the like tissue, rather than with a free flap utilizing different tissues. A defect of the lower lip requires reconstruction using different techniques, depending on its size and location. Herein, we present the case of a patient exhibiting a lip defect spanning more than two-thirds of the lower lip, after a wide resection due to squamous cell carcinoma. The defect was reconstructed using an Abbe flap and a staircase flap. Revision was performed after 16 days. The patient’s oral competencies were fully restored 3 months postoperatively, and the esthetic results were ideal. Based on our experience, a combination of the Abbe and staircase flaps can produce excellent functional and esthetic outcomes in the reconstruction of a lower lip with a large defect. It can serve as a reliable reconstruction option for defects spanning more than two-thirds of the lower lip, not including the oral commissures.

A Cephalometric Evaluation of Soft Tissue Following Maxillary Incisors Retraction

Background: Class 2 Division 1 is the most prevalent type of malocclusion affecting about 32% of Pakistani population. With upper maxillary premolar extraction is one of most frequent treatment choice. Aim: To evaluate the effects of these extractions on soft tissue show variable results depending upon the sex, ethnicity, maxillary arch crowding and pretreatment structure of lips. Methods: In this study pretreatment cephalograms of 106 Class 2 div 1 patients were taken whose treatment plan include extraction of maxillary 1st premolar. Then the second and final cephalograms were taken when retraction of incisors was completed. Mean changes in the position of upper and lower lip were measured with respect to Ricketts E-line before and after completion of retraction of maxillary incisors. Results: After the extraction of premolars there is a significant (P value=0.000) reduction in the lip protrusion of -2.033mm±1.148mm and -1.695mm±1.628mm in both upper and lower lip respectively. Conclusion: Extraction of maxillary premolars cause significant reduction of lip prominence and achieve facial esthetic balance. Keywords: Class 2 div 1, lip position, Premolar Extraction