scholarly journals Muscular Variation In The Neck Region With Narrowing Of The Minor And Major Supraclavicular Fossa

10.3823/2478 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Posterior Triangle ◽  
Supraclavicular Fossa

Background: The sternocleidomastoideus muscle is the most prominent landmarks of the surface anatomy of the neck, separates the anterior part of the neck (anterior triangle) from the posterior part of the neck (posterior triangle). An accessory head of sternocleidomastoideus muscle may cause complications while trying to access vital neurovascular structures that are located in the minor and major supraclavicular fossa. The purpose of this study is to describe an anatomical variation of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle and clinical impact. Methods and Findings: The anatomical variations described were found during routine dissection conducted in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona in two male cadavers of 47 and 75 years respectively. Measurements were taken using a Vernier caliper. Topographic details of the variations were examined, recorded and photographed. The morphological variations in the number of heads (three and four) of origin of sternocleidomastoideus muscle was found in two male subjects in right and left neck, bilaterally.  The posterior cervical triangle was diminished. The bilateral narrowing of the minor and major supraclavicular fossa minimizing space needed for potential surgical access. The branching patterns of the spinal accessory nerve and arterial patterns were normal. Conclusions: The Knowledge of the presence of additional heads of sternocleidomastoideus muscle it might cause difficulties in subclavian or external jugular vein catheterization, and in surgical interventions involving structures lying under the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. These variations must be kept in mind while approaching the region to avoid complications as the classical anatomical landmarks might be misinterpreted and confuse.

scholarly journals Anatomical variations of circle of Willis - a cadaveric study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanuj Singh ◽  
Ajay Babu Kannabathula ◽  
Himadri Sunam ◽  
Debajani Deka
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Collateral Channel ◽  
The Right

Background: The circle of Willis (CW) is a vascular network formed at the base of skull in the interpeduncular fossa. Its anterior part is formed by the anterior cerebral artery, from either side. Anterior communicating artery connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries. Posteriorly, the basilar artery divides into right and left posterior cerebral arteries and each join to ipsilateral internal carotid artery through a posterior communicating artery. Anterior communicating artery and posterior communicating arteries are important component of circle of Willis, acts as collateral channel to stabilize blood flow. In the present study, anatomical variations in the circle of Willis were noted.Methods: 75 apparently normal formalin fixed brain specimens were collected from human cadavers. 55 Normal anatomical pattern and 20 variations of circle of Willis were studied. The Circles of Willis arteries were then colored, photographed, numbered and the abnormalities, if any, were noted.Results: Twenty variations were noted. The most common variation observed is in the anterior communicating artery followed by some other variations like the Posterior communicating arteries, Anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was found in 20 specimens.Conclusions: Knowledge on of variations in the formation of Circle of Willis, all surgical interventions should be preceded by angiography. Awareness of these anatomical variations is important in the neurovascular procedures.

scholarly journals Posture-based Morphological Deformation of the Parotid Gland and its Clinical Implications for Minimally Invasive Procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Park ◽  
Sung Ok Hong ◽  
Hyung-Moon Kim ◽  
Wook Oh ◽  
Hee-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Topographic Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Lobe ◽  
Type Ia

Abstract Anatomical studies of the parotid gland are important for mid- and lower face filler, botulinum toxin, and thread lifting procedures. The purpose of this study was to observe the topographic anatomy of the parotid gland using cadaveric dissections. The superficial lobe of the parotid gland was studied in 30 hemisected heads. Reference lines were made on the lateral aspect of the face. A reference line (the line connecting the mandibular angle to the upper margin of the zygomatic arch, along the posterior margin of the ramus) was divided into four sections (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior borders of the parotid gland were measured using the reference lines and sections. Using these measurements, we categorized the superficial lobe of the parotid gland into two types: type Ia, pistol-shaped; Ib, pistol-shaped with an accessory lobe; and type II, oval-shaped. The superior border of the parotid gland started just below the inferior margin of the zygomatic arch. The parotid gland covered the posterior part of the masseter muscle near P1 and P2, but at P3 and below P3, the tail of the parotid gland was located posterior to the ramus and covered the anterior part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The topographic anatomy of the parotid gland serves as a reliable reference for esthetic procedures in the lower face and neck region.

scholarly journals High Brachial Artery Bifurcation Clinical finding in Cadaveric Specimen by Medical Students During Internship

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Giulia Garcia Pedrão ◽  
Thales Vinicius Candido da Silva ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Novelini ◽  
Beatriz Ferratone Magalhães ◽  
Danilo Anderson Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cadaveric Specimen ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory

The high brachial artery bifurcation is an anatomical variation found in the arm segment. Although it does not present any alteration in the arterial blood functionality, it is considered a common spot for vascular lesions during surgical interventions that consist of the absence of anatomical knowledge. The research objective was to describe the high brachial artery bifurcation found in a cadaveric specimen from the anatomy laboratory as well as its main anatomoclinical aspects. Twenty-six upper limbs were investigated and dissected from the Universidade Brasil's Human Anatomy Laboratory, SP. These were formolized cadaveric specimens from both sexes. During upper limb dissection, arterial anatomical variations were observed in a single-arm segment. The variation was unilateral in the left hemisphere. The clinical findings were high brachial artery bifurcation and a rare case of the radial artery in the medial path, as well as an ulnar artery with a lateral path in the arm median third. It is clear that the understanding of anatomy and anatomical variations patterns is of utmost importance and a requirement for surgery, so surgeons need to be aware of clinical, anatomical, and arterial variations data, avoiding vascular lesions during the surgical interventions. Dissection is an important learning tool for students and resident doctors. It is suggested the use of dissection as a pedagogical resource to acquire skills in surgeries during internship and also to improve the anatomical variation cognition of upper limbs.

scholarly journals Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2547 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm.  The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.

scholarly journals Recurrent artery of Heubner - morphological variations

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cr.P. Dimitriu ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
P. Bordei ◽  
I. Bulbuc
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Anterior Portion

Abstract Recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) is the largest and most constant perforating branch of anterior cerebral artery. It supplies blood to the medial portion of the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior portion of the caudate nucleus, the anterior third of the putamen, the external segment of the globus pallidus, and the anterior crus of the internal capsule The anatomical variation of RAH is related to its traject, number, presence, or absence, and the diverse origin from ACA is of considerable clinical impact mainly from the point of view of the surgical procedures involving the anterior portion of the circle of Willis or the topographically related structures. The present study aimed to demonstrate vascular anatomy of this RAH and its variation. The study included 60 human cadaveric brains fixed in the formalin and examined under operating microscope. 22 freshly harvested human cadaveric brains, injected with a polymer (Technovit 7143), a partial coroded and also we have consulted 30 digital subtraction angiograms. We have evaluated the origin, traject and caliber of recurrent artery of Heubner, our results were compared with other anatomical studies published. The most obvious finding was the great variability of its origin but in 91% of the cases it was in the range of 2mm around anterior communicating artery, that could be harmed during aneurismal clipping. The RAH is commonly arising from ACA-ACoA junction. This portion of the circle of Willis is the place of many anatomical variations and malformations. The vessel can be absent, single, or multiple, and its diameter is highly variable. The awareness of these distinct anatomical and morphometric variations of the RAH is essential in planning the neurosurgical procedures in the anterior part of the circle of Willis to avoid the unexpected neurological complications.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE CELIAC TRUNK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscele Viana dos SANTOS ◽  
Ana Beatriz Marques BARBOSA ◽  
Vanessa Apolonio TARGINO ◽  
Nathalie de Almeida SILVA ◽  
Yanka Costa de Melo SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Structure Evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction: The celiac trunk (CT) is one of the abdominal portion branches of the aortic artery and, together with the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries, participates in the abdominal viscera vascularization through a series of anastomoses. Absence of CT or variation in the number of terminal branches implies in varied abdominal arteries origins, which may have implication in surgical approaches. Objective: To analyze the anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and possible associated surgical clinical implications. Methods: It is a systematic review of articles indexed in the PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Springerlink, Scienc Direct and Latindex databases from August to September 2017. Original articles involving the anatomical variations of the celiac trunk in humans were included. The presence/absence of the celiac trunk, the number of terminal branches and the place of origin of its branches in variant cases of the normal anatomical pattern, were considered for this study. Results: At the end of the research, 12 articles were selected, characterized by sample, anatomical structure evaluation method and main results. The normal anatomical pattern was the most prevalent in most studies (75.0%). CT was absent in 41.7% of the findings. The most prevalent anatomical variation was the presence of CT with bifurcation (66.7%). It was also observed the origin of the common and splenic hepatic arteries from the mesenteric arteries (25.0%). The presence of only one branch (16.7%) and quadrifurcation (8.33%) were other findings. Conclusion: CT variations are not uncommon findings, with different anatomic variants being reported. Thus, the importance of knowing the possible variations of this structure is emphasized, which may have implications for surgical interventions and imaging studies related to the abdominal region.

scholarly journals Multiple variations of superficial and deep veins in the neck region of a cadaver: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Nilgün Tuncel Çini ◽  
Nazan Güner Sak ◽  
Senem Turan Özdemir ◽  
İlknur Arı
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

Multiple variations on the right side of the neck of a 65-year-old male cadaver were observed during a routine dissection. The cadaver had no sign of facial trauma or previous surgery. The facial vein had a communicating branch with the internal jugular vein and distally drained into the jugulo-subclavian confluence via a common trunk with external jugular vein. Other superficial veins of the neck drained into the brachiocephalic vein separately. On the contrary, no anatomical variation was observed on the left side. Even if the variations of the head and neck are common, more than one variation in a single cadaver unilaterally is remarkable. We suggest that it is important for surgeons to examine the patients with ultrasound before any clinical interventions on the neck to determine the possible variations beforehand.

scholarly journals The variations in anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and sellar floor to perform transsphenoidal endoscopy in adult age

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Alicia Del Carmen Becerra Romero ◽  
Garni Barkhoudarian ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Da Silva ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pires De Aguiar ◽  
Edward R. Laws Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Transsphenoidal Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Sellar Floor

Transsphenoidal surgery depends on the ability to visualize and identify key anatomical landmarks during each phase of the operation. A remarkable degree of anatomical variation exists in the sphenoid sinus, sella turcica, and surrounding skull base structures. Our purpose is to review the anatomical variations in sphenoid sinus and sellar floor that are important to performing safe and effective transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery in adult patients. Detailed information regarding the anatomy is the most reliable and effective way of avoiding complications of all kinds in transsphenoidal surgery. 

Fine structure of the rectal papillae of the oriental fruuit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Tephritidae, Diptera Insecta)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
Len Wen-Yung ◽  
Mei-Jung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Apical Cell Membrane ◽  
Dacus Dorsalis ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Circular Base

Four cone-shaped rectal papillae locate at the anterior part of the rectum in Dacus dorsalis fly. The circular base of the papilla protrudes into the haemolymph (Fig. 1,2) and the rest cone-shaped tip (Fig. 2) inserts in the rectal lumen. The base is surrounded with the cuticle (Fig. 5). The internal structure of the rectal papilla (Fig. 3) comprises of the cortex with the columnar epithelial cells and a rod-shaped medulla. Between them, there is the infundibular space and many trabeculae connect each other. Several tracheae insert into the papilla through the top of the medulla, then run into the cortical epithelium and locate in the intercellular space. The intercellular sinuses distribute in the posterior part of the rectal papilla.The cortex of the base divides into about thirty segments. Between segments there is a radial cell (Fig. 4). Under the cuticle, the apical cell membrane of the cortical epithelium is folded into a regular border of leaflets (Fig. 5).

Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Maras ◽  
Tzormpatzoglou ◽  
Papas ◽  
Papanas ◽  
Kotsikoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Stenosis

Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

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