Multiple variations of superficial and deep veins in the neck region of a cadaver: a case report

Multiple variations on the right side of the neck of a 65-year-old male cadaver were observed during a routine dissection. The cadaver had no sign of facial trauma or previous surgery. The facial vein had a communicating branch with the internal jugular vein and distally drained into the jugulo-subclavian confluence via a common trunk with external jugular vein. Other superficial veins of the neck drained into the brachiocephalic vein separately. On the contrary, no anatomical variation was observed on the left side. Even if the variations of the head and neck are common, more than one variation in a single cadaver unilaterally is remarkable. We suggest that it is important for surgeons to examine the patients with ultrasound before any clinical interventions on the neck to determine the possible variations beforehand.

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Unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein along with multiple venous anomalies in neck and its clinical importance

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401745 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 093-095 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rashmoni Jana

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Brachiocephalic Vein ◽

Invasive Procedures ◽

Unusual Site ◽

Venous Anomalies ◽

Rare Site ◽

The Right

AbstractNeck veins are important for various diagnostic, therapeutic and experimental procedures. So knowledge of their anatomical variation is also important. The author reports an unusual site of formation of brachiocephalic vein with multiple venous anomalies in the neck. A rare site of formation of the right brachiocephalic vein was found at the middle of neck under the right sternocleido mastoid muscle by union of right internal jugular and subclavian vein. Another observation was of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins joined together and formed a common vein over the sternocleidomastoid muscle that drained into the external jugular vein. This unusual course of brachiocephalic vein and aberrant drainage of facial, lingual and superior thyroid veins may cause unusual bleeding during surgeries and invasive procedures. So clinicians should be aware of these variations of major neck veins to avoid complications.

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Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Ferreira Arquez

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Facial Vein ◽

Variable Distance ◽

The Right ◽

The University

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm. The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.

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Undivided Retromandibular Vein Leading to the Absence of External Jugular Vein

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1675760 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (04) ◽

pp. 225-228

Author(s):

Y. Rao ◽

Vaishnavi Ballal ◽

B. Murlimanju ◽

Mangala Pai ◽

Mamatha Tonse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Physician ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Venous Drainage ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Venous System ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Facial Vein ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right

AbstractWe report a case of undivided retromandibular vein (RV) that was associated with the absence of external jugular vein (EJV). This variation in the jugular venous system was observed on the right side of the neck of a male cadaver. The posterior auricular vein drained into the RV, which joined the facial vein resulting in a common trunk. This common trunk then drained directly into the internal jugular vein (IJV) thus bypassing the whole venous drainage area of the EJV. It is believed that the knowledge about the venous variations, as in the present case, is enlightening to the clinicians. The preoperative evaluation of the venous system is essential to prevent complications like catastrophic bleeding and embolism. The knowledge may guide the emergency physician for a quicker cannulation of the veins.

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Unusual Venous Drainage Of The Common Facial Vein. A Morphologycal Study

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Ferreira Arquez ◽

Sergio Iván Granados- Torres

Keyword(s):

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Free Flap ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Venous Drainage ◽

Brachiocephalic Vein ◽

Facial Vein ◽

The Common ◽

The Right ◽

Internal Thoracic Vein

Background: Anatomical knowledge of the facial vasculature is crucial not only for anatomists but also for oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgeon, otorhinolaryngologists. Access pathways, pedicled and free flap transfer, and explantation and transplantation of total faces are based on the proper assessment and use of the facial veins and arteries. The anatomical variations reported in the present study confirms the need for preoperative vascular imaging for sure good venous outflow for the free flap survival. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe a rare anatomical variation of the common facial vein which not been previously described. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 15 males and 2 females, i.e. 34 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 33 sides (97 %) of the cases the anterior facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The right common facial vein in one side (3%) was found to drain into the contralateral internal thoracic vein and contralateral pericardiophrenic vein. Remarkable communications with the external jugular vein, the internal jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and left brachiocephalic vein. The length of the right common facial vein from the level of its formation till its termination in the contralateral pericardiophrenic and internal thoracic vein was about 22.75 cm. The venous drainage pattern on the left side of the face was found to be normal. Conclusion: The existence of this anatomical variation among others supposes a double edge sword in the medical practice with its own opportunities and risks, especially in the surgical treatment; therefore, we need to study with more strictness these possibilities with the aim of facilitate this practices, and improve the life quality of our patients.

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Communicating vein between the right external and internal jugular veins: a case report

Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) ◽

10.2399/ana.20.835484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 84-87

Author(s):

Eleni Patera ◽

Abduelmenem Alashkham

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Thyroid Cartilage ◽

Radical Neck Dissection ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

The Right ◽

Internal Jugular Veins ◽

Communicating Vein

The external jugular vein is a superficial vein that has a relatively diagonal to vertical course in the neck region and runs superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein and it is responsible for draining most of the scalp and face as well. Sound knowledge of variations of the external jugular veins and the internal jugular veins, is important as these veins are used or targeted in specific medical procedures such as external jugular vein cannulation or radical neck dissection, respectively. During routine postgraduate dissection of the neck region in a 58-year-old female cadaver, the right external jugular vein was seen communicating with the right internal jugular vein via a communicating vein. The communicating vein was located approximately at the lower border of the thyroid cartilage and the upper border of the cricoid cartilage. A thorough understanding of anatomical variations is important in various medical disciplines and more specifically to anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. This case report does not solely aim to increase awareness regarding variations of the jugular veins that can be possibly encountered during a neck endovascular procedure, but also contribute to the identification of the prevalence rate of this variation.

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External jugular vein: clinical significance of variations in formation and course: a case report

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401603 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 161-164

Author(s):

Raviprasanna KH ◽

Aditya Krishna Das

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Cephalic Vein ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

The Right

AbstractKnowledge of varying patterns of formation and termination of external jugular vein is not only important for anatomists but also for surgeons operating at this level and interventional radiologists who perform transjugular procedures. Two different variations related to formation and communications of external jugular vein were observed during routine dissection for the first MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy at Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Ernakulum in two different cadavers. The external jugular vein had a communicating channel with cephalic vein which traversed superficial to the clavicle on right side and in second cadaver the right external jugular vein was formed by union of undivided retromandibular vein with posterior auricular vein. Knowing the venous patterns in neck region is of paramount importance in order to avoid unnecessary bleeding during surgical procedures.

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Bilateral Anatomical Variation in the Formation of Trunks of the Brachial Plexus - A Case Report

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (01) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

E. Lasch ◽

M. Nazer ◽

L. Bartholdy

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Brachial Plexus ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Case Reports ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

Motor Nerves ◽

The Right

AbstractThis study presents a bilateral variation in the formation of trunks of brachial plexus in a male cadaver. The right brachial plexus was composed of six roots (C4-T1) and the left brachial plexus of five roots (C5-T1). Both formed four trunks thus changing the contributions of the anterior divisions of the cervical nerves involved in the formation of the cords and the five main somatic motor nerves for the upper limb. There are very few case reports in the scientific literature on this topic; thus making the present study very relevant.

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Termination of the facial vein into the external jugular vein: an anatomical variation

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro ◽

10.1590/s1677-54492008000200015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 174-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suhani Sumalatha D'Silva ◽

Thejodhar Pulakunta ◽

Bhagath Kumar Potu

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Venous Drainage ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Facial Artery ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Facial Vein ◽

The Face ◽

The Common ◽

Anterior Division

Different patterns of variations in the venous drainage have been observed in the past. During routine dissection in our Department of Anatomy, an unusual drainage pattern of the veins of the left side of the face of a middle aged cadaver was observed. The facial vein presented a normal course from its origin up to the base of mandible, and then it crossed the base of mandible posteriorly to the facial artery. Thereafter, it joined with the anterior division of retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, which drained into the external jugular vein directly. Sound anatomic knowledge of the above variation in facial veins is essential to the success of surgical procedures in this region.

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FETAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202001109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 52-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lesia Ya. Lopushniak ◽

Тatiana V. Khmara ◽

Оleh М. Boichuk ◽

Mariana A. Ryznychuk ◽

Leonid V. Shvyhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Age Groups ◽

Parathyroid Glands ◽

Brachiocephalic Vein ◽

Human Fetuses ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Fetal Period ◽

External Structure ◽

Human Ontogenesis ◽

The Right

The aim: To study the forms of anatomical variability of the external structure of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study involved 48 specimens of human fetuses with 81,0-375,0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL). The study was conducted by means of macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry and variation statistics method. Results: The age and individual anatomical variability, complex way of development and formation of synotopic embryotropographic correlations of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis create numerous prerequisites for the emergence of variants of their external structure and topography in the fetuses of both different and the same age groups. Conclusions: There is a significant anatomical variability of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in 4-10-month-old fetuses, which is manifested by varieties of their shape and topical location. Aplasia of the upper parathyroid glands, which was found in two human fetuses aged 7 months, was due to the fetures of their organogenesis and the formation of syntopy in the embryonic and prefetal periods of their development. Parathyroid glands are mainly supplied with blood by the branches of the inferior thyroid artery. The branches of the upper thyroid artery and the arteries of adjacent organs: larynx, trachea and esophagus are involved in the blood supply. The right and left inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, paired (right and left) superior and middle thyroid veins are those for the internal jugular vein.

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