Early Detection of Exercise - Associated Muscle cramp

One of the deep and painful involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle is muscle cramp which takes place during various other conditions. The origin for the cramps that occur during or soon after exercise and the appropriate remedies continue to prove uncertain. Soon after an implant process and forceful workout, past voluntary dehydration cramps occur at many sections. The process of identifying the type of cramp is time consuming and treatment process to cramps is also quite tedious. If not treated at the right time, Muscle cramps may cause vigorous side effects and worsening in day to day physiological activities. The main motive of this vest is to locate and identify the cramp and alert so that further injury can be detected. It would also be helpful in preventing the person from further muscular cramps and other complications. EMG signals which are obtained from adhesive electrodes are amplified by using IC741 (op-amp) with instrumentation amplifier configuration.LM35 temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature at specified locations. Wherever the cramp occurring possibilities are high. Flex sensor is used to identify the abnormal contraction and relaxation muscles in upper limbs. The three input bio potential signals are fed to the micro controller (Arduino UNO). The main objective of this system is to provide a comfortable vest which would monitor the cramps occurring in athletes whenever it occurs. Therefore with the help of this wearable device muscle cramps occurring at upper limbs can be detected and further injuries, complications such as fractures can be reduced.

Detection of Upper Limb Asymmetries in Athletes According to the Stage of the Season—A Longitudinal Study

Sports injuries can affect the performance of athletes. For this reason, functional tests are used for injury assessment and prevention, analyzing physical or physiological imbalances and detecting asymmetries. The main aim of this study was to detect the asymmetries in the upper limbs (right and left arms) in athletes, using the OctoBalance Test (OB), depending on the stage of the season. Two hundred and fifty-two participants (age: 23.33 ± 8.96 years old; height: 178.63 ± 11.12 cm; body mass: 80.28 ± 17.61 kg; body mass index: 24.88 ± 4.58; sports experience: 12.52 ± 6.28 years), practicing different sports (rugby, athletics, football, swimming, handball, triathlon, basketball, hockey, badminton and volleyball), assessed with the OB in medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions in both arms, in four moments of the season (May 2017, September 2017, February 2018 and May 2018). ANOVA test was used with repeated measures with a p ≤ 0.05, for the analysis of the different studied variances. Significant differences were found (p = 0.021) in the medial direction of the left arm, between the first (May 2017) and fourth stages (May 2018), with values of 71.02 ± 7.15 cm and 65.03 ± 7.66 cm. From the detection of asymmetries, using the OB to measure, in the medial, superolateral and inferolateral directions, mobility and balance can be assessed. In addition, it is possible to observe functional imbalances, as a risk factor for injury, in each of the stages into which the season is divided, which will help in the prevention of injuries and in the individualization of training.

Cervical Spine Inhomogeneously Enhancing Lesion: Avoiding Confirmation Bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek information and evidence in order to confirm a preexisting hypothesis while giving less importance and overlook an alternative solution. This report describes the case of a 52-year-old man with a long history of neck pain and bilateral upper limbs paresthesias with a cervical intracanal inhomogeneously enhancing lesion. Despite all the preoperative radiological findings, a spinal meningioma an anterior approach was performed. The mass ended up being a large migrated hernia with the involvement of two levels. Before suggesting treatment, especially surgery, physicians and practitioners need to evaluate all of the possible alternatives in order to optimize patient outcome.

Waldmann’s Disease Revealed by Chronic Diarrhea and Lymphedema: Case Report

Intestinal lymphangiesctasia (IL) is a rare disease characterized by the dilation of intestinal lymphatics. It can be classified as primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Usually seen in childhood or adolescence, chronic diarrhea and diffuse edema are the main clinical manifestations of the disease. True lymphoedemas can also be present and affect the lower and upper limbs, they are concomitant with the diagnosis or occur during the course. The diagnosis is based on the visualization of duodenal lymphangiesctasia. The primitive nature of the disease being affirmed by the elimination of the diseases causing secondary lymphangiectasias. Treatment is based on a strict hypo lipid diet enriched with medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). We present through this work the observation of a 12-month-old infant who presented with primary intestinal lymphangiesctasia revealed by chronic diarrhea with lymphoedema of the left upper limb.

Greater and More Natural Use of the Upper Limbs During Everyday Life by Former Amputees Versus Prosthesis Users

Hand loss profoundly impacts daily functioning. Reversal of amputation through hand replantation or transplantation offers an alternative to prosthetics for some. Whether recipients exhibit more extensive and natural limb use during everyday life than prosthesis users is, however, unknown. We asked unilateral, below-elbow amputees (N = 22), hand graft recipients (transplants N = 4; replants N = 2), and healthy matched controls (N = 20) to wear wireless accelerometers distally on their forearms/prostheses and proximally on their upper arms. These units captured limb activity over 3 days within participants’ natural environments. Graft recipients exhibited heavier reliance on their affected hands compared to amputees’ reliance on their prostheses, P < .001. Likewise, reliance on the injured side upper arm was also greater for hand graft recipients than amputees, regardless of whether they were wearing their prostheses, P < .05 in both cases. Hand graft recipients, like healthy controls, also relied more on forearm vs upper arm movements when controlling their limbs, P < .001. Compared with conventional prosthesis users, graft recipients exhibited more extensive and natural functioning of the upper limbs during everyday activities. This information is an important addition to other considerations when evaluating risk-benefit of these treatment alternatives.

Comparison of Six Passive Exoskeletons for Upper Limbs Using the TOPSIS Method

The use of exoskeletons in occupational tasks has increased significantly in the last five years. However, few comparative studies have been conducted to understand the advantages and disadvantages of existing exoskeletons. This chapter presents the comparison of six exoskeletons using the TOPSIS method. Using databases of patents and commercial products, a total of six that were chosen to be compared by experts in the design and/or use of exoskeletons. The criteria evaluated were exoskeleton weight, load capacity, anthropometric adjusts, maintenance, and installation on the user. The Shoulder-X exoskeleton was selected as the best, serving as a reference for the acquisition of characteristics for recommendations for the development of new models for use in occupational tasks.

Factors Associated with Skin Cancers in People with Albinism in Togo

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with skin cancers in people with albinism (PWA) in Togo. Method. This is a retrospective analytical study of the records of PWA examined during five dermatological consultation campaigns from 2019 to 2021. Results. During the study period, 517 PWA were seen. Sixty-four (12.3%) of these PWA had presented with 137 cases of skin cancer. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.9. The average age of PWA with skin cancer was 39.69 ± 15.61 years and that of PWA without skin cancer was 19.17 ± 15.24 years ( p ≤ 0.001 ). The 137 cases of skin cancers were dominated by basal cell carcinomas (45.9%). These skin cancers were located preferentially in the cephalic region (77 cases; 56.2%), followed by the upper limbs (33 cases; 24.1%). In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for skin cancers in PWA were age over 39 years ( p ≤ 0.001 ) and the presence of actinic keratoses ( p ≤ 0.001 ). In contrast, the presence of ephelides ( p = 0.018 ) was a protective factor. Conclusion. This study confirms that advanced age and actinic keratoses are risk factors for skin cancer in PWA, in connection with the cumulative role of solar radiation. Its originality lies in the identification of ephelides as a protective factor. The knowledge and consideration of these risk factors will make it possible to optimise strategies for the prevention of skin cancers in PWA.

THERAPY OF UPPER LIMBS BY MEANS OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES

This paper deals with an approach to upper limbs therapy that uses virtual reality technologies. The previous methods and subsequent improvements of these procedures by means of a skeletal model of the upper limb in a virtual environment are presented here. So, main focus of the paper is on the description of calculation related to the bone rotation system within appropriate skeletal model. The therapist can add either more virtual upper limb objects or more virtual training objects to the virtual environment and thus expand/change the scene or the therapy complexity. The functions used in the limb movement calculations are useful for creating additional animations with various objects. With this system, the patient can be stimulated under the supervision of a therapist to practice certain rehabilitation procedures. Due to the use of collaborative web-based virtual reality, the therapy can be also applied in a remote form. The way in which the underlying idea of rehabilitation process is implemented and it is also described. In the conclusion are the some notes about system testing and evaluation including description of a therapist interface.

Optimization of Interactive Animation Capture System for Human Upper Limb Movement Based on XSENS Sensor

This paper uses the XSENS sensor inertial motion capture device to collect the experimental data of the human body’s typical motion and posture-upper limb movement, based on the angular acceleration kinematics parameters of the human body’s upper limbs and upper limbs. We study the characteristics of human kinematics, statics, and dynamics and construct the upper limb movement model of the human body. Secondly, based on the principle of human anatomy, the human body is divided into 23 segments, with 18 upper limbs and 36 degrees of freedom; some anatomical terms are defined, and a unified coordinate system for the upper limb model of the human body is planned and established. In the process of experimental simulation, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the laws and characteristics of the upper limb angles of the hip upper limbs, knee upper limbs, and ankle upper limbs during walking, a general function of the upper limb angles of the three upper limbs changing with time during walking was established. On the basis of analyzing 40 sets of upper limb movement data, with the three parameters of height, weight, and upper limb movement cycle as independent variables, the general function coefficient solving equation is given through function fitting. Finally, the production of interactive animation of upper limb movement is taken as an example. Based on the acceleration sensor and three-axis gyroscope, the limbs during the movement of the upper limb motion data are collected, preprocessed, and transmitted, and then, coordinate correction and data filtering are used to output quaternary parameters to give Maya an animated character model. The animation interactive demonstration is carried out in the way of web 3D, and the XSENS sensor is explored in the animation capture.