scholarly journals Structural Colour from Optical Phenomena Caused by Interference with a Thin or Multilayer Film, Photonic Nanocrystals, Light Scattering and Diffraction Grating Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-178
Author(s):  
Relly Victoria Petrescu ◽  
Raffaella Aversa ◽  
Antonio Apicella
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Structural Colour ◽  
Optical Phenomena

Threshold effects in light scattering from a binary diffraction grating

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 912-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Anderson ◽  
A. M. Brodsky ◽  
L. W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Threshold Effects

scholarly journals Characterization of melanosomes involved in the production of non-iridescent structural feather colours and their detection in the fossil record

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (155) ◽  
pp. 20180921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frane Babarović ◽  
Mark N. Puttick ◽  
Marta Zaher ◽  
Elizabeth Learmonth ◽  
Emily-Jane Gallimore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Methods ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Structural Coloration ◽  
Structural Colour

Non-iridescent structural colour in avian feathers is produced by coherent light scattering through quasi-ordered nanocavities in the keratin cortex of the barbs. To absorb unscattered light, melanosomes form a basal layer underneath the nanocavities. It has been shown that throughout Aves, melanosome morphology reflects broad categories of melanin-based coloration, as well as iridescence, allowing identification of palaeocolours in exceptionally preserved fossils. However, no studies have yet investigated the morphology of melanosomes in non-iridescent structural colour. Here, we analyse a wide sample of melanosomes from feathers that express non-iridescent structural colour from a phylogenetically broad range of extant avians to describe their morphology and compare them with other avian melanosome categories. We find that investigated melanosomes are typically wide (approx. 300 nm) and long (approx. 1400 nm), distinct from melanosomes found in black, brown and iridescent feathers, but overlapping significantly with melanosomes from grey feathers. This may suggest a developmental, and perhaps evolutionary, relationship between grey coloration and non-iridescent structural colours. We show that through analyses of fossil melanosomes, melanosomes indicative of non-iridescent structural colour can be predicted in an Eocene stem group roller ( Eocoracias : Coraciiformes) and with phylogenetic comparative methods the likely hue can be surmised. The overlap between melanosomes from grey and non-iridescent structurally coloured feathers complicates their distinction in fossil samples where keratin does not preserve. However, the abundance of grey coloration relative to non-iridescent structural coloration makes the former a more likely occurrence except in phylogenetically bracketed specimens like the specimen of Eocoracias studied here.

Photoacoustic study of diffuse light scattering from a diffraction grating

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 3009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inagaki ◽  
M. Motosuga ◽  
K. Yamamori ◽  
E. T. Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Diffuse Light

Uniformity of Magnification from Different Electron Microscopes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
V. Williams ◽  
V. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Stability

The method demonstrated is an adaptation of a proven procedure for accurately determining the magnification of light photomicrographs. Because of the stability of modern electrical lenses, the method is shown to be directly applicable for providing precise reproducibility of magnification in various models of electron microscopes.A readily recognizable area of a carbon replica of a crossed-line diffraction grating is used as a standard. The same area of the standard was photographed in Phillips EM 200, Hitachi HU-11B2, and RCA EMU 3F electron microscopes at taps representative of the range of magnification of each. Negatives from one microscope were selected as guides and printed at convenient magnifications; then negatives from each of the other microscopes were projected to register with these prints. By deferring measurement to the print rather than comparing negatives, correspondence of magnification of the specimen in the three microscopes could be brought to within 2%.

The effect of an aluminum heat-sink layer on the laser-induced amorphization of SiOx/TeGeSn/SiOx phase-change recording films

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Libera ◽  
Martin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Active Storage ◽  
Dielectric Layers ◽  
Amorphous States

Phase-change erasable optical storage is based on the ability to switch a micron-sized region of a thin film between the crystalline and amorphous states using a diffraction-limited laser as a heat source. A bit of information can be represented as an amorphous spot on a crystalline background, and the two states can be optically identified by their different reflectivities. In a typical multilayer thin-film structure the active (storage) layer is sandwiched between one or more dielectric layers. The dielectric layers provide physical containment and act as a heat sink. A viable phase-change medium must be able to quench to the glassy phase after melting, and this requires proper tailoring of the thermal properties of the multilayer film. The present research studies one particular multilayer structure and shows the effect of an additional aluminum layer on the glass-forming ability.

Seasonal changes in a ultraviolet structural colour signal in blue tits, Parus caeruleus

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS ORNBORG ◽  
STAFFAN ANDERSSON ◽  
SIMON C. GRIFFITH ◽  
BEN C. SHELDON
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Parus Caeruleus ◽  
Structural Colour ◽  
Blue Tits ◽  
Colour Signal

Collision induced hyper-Rayleigh light scattering in CCl4

1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. KAATZ ◽  
D.P. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Rayleigh Light Scattering ◽  
Rayleigh Light
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