scholarly journals Electrolytic Partial Fluorination of Organic Compounds. 33. Regioselective Anodic Monofluorination of alpha-Phenylsulfenyl Lactams and Sulfur-Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles.

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Konno ◽  
Wataru Naito ◽  
Toshio Fuchigami ◽  
Dennis G. Peters ◽  
Majid Motevalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Sulfur Containing

scholarly journals Molecular corridors and parameterizations of volatility in the evolution of organic aerosols

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 27877-27915
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
U. Pöschl ◽  
M. Shiraiwa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Abstract. The formation and aging of organic aerosols (OA) proceed through multiple steps of chemical reaction and mass transport in the gas and particle phases, which is challenging for the interpretation of field measurements and laboratory experiments as well as accurate representation of OA evolution in atmospheric aerosol models. Based on data from over 30 000 compounds, we show that organic compounds with a wide variety of functional groups fall into molecular corridors, characterized by a tight inverse correlation between molar mass and volatility. We developed parameterizations to predict the volatility of organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur from the elemental composition that can be measured by soft-ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. Field measurement data from new particle formation events, biomass burning, cloud/fog processing, and indoor environments were mapped into molecular corridors to characterize the chemical nature of the observed OA components. We found that less oxidized indoor OA are constrained to a corridor of low molar mass and high volatility, whereas highly oxygenated compounds in atmospheric water extend to high molar mass and low volatility. Among the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds identified in atmospheric aerosols, amines tend to exhibit low molar mass and high volatility, whereas organonitrates and organosulfates follow high O : C corridors extending to high molar mass and low volatility. We suggest that the consideration of molar mass and molecular corridors can help to constrain volatility and particle phase state in the modeling of OA particularly for nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds.

Sulfur-Containing Organic Compounds

1986 ◽  
pp. 436-452
Author(s):  
T.E. Graedel ◽  
Donald T. Hawkins ◽  
Larry D. Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sulfur Containing

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4945-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS) that can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to in the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol concentrations are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Molecular corridors and parameterizations of volatility in the chemical evolution of organic aerosols

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 3327-3344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Ulrich Pöschl ◽  
Manabu Shiraiwa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Abstract. The formation and aging of organic aerosols (OA) proceed through multiple steps of chemical reaction and mass transport in the gas and particle phases, which is challenging for the interpretation of field measurements and laboratory experiments as well as accurate representation of OA evolution in atmospheric aerosol models. Based on data from over 30 000 compounds, we show that organic compounds with a wide variety of functional groups fall into molecular corridors, characterized by a tight inverse correlation between molar mass and volatility. We developed parameterizations to predict the saturation mass concentration of organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur from the elemental composition that can be measured by soft-ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. Field measurement data from new particle formation events, biomass burning, cloud/fog processing, and indoor environments were mapped into molecular corridors to characterize the chemical nature of the observed OA components. We found that less-oxidized indoor OA are constrained to a corridor of low molar mass and high volatility, whereas highly oxygenated compounds in atmospheric water extend to high molar mass and low volatility. Among the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds identified in atmospheric aerosols, amines tend to exhibit low molar mass and high volatility, whereas organonitrates and organosulfates follow high O : C corridors extending to high molar mass and low volatility. We suggest that the consideration of molar mass and molecular corridors can help to constrain volatility and particle-phase state in the modeling of OA particularly for nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds.

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