scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS) that can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to in the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol concentrations are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4945-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Treatment of Odorants and Pathogens Emitted from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) by Advanced Oxidation Technologies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
Yael Laor ◽  
Jeffrey Zimmerman ◽  
Robert Armon ◽  
Steven Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Confined Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Optimized Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sulfur Containing

A feasibility study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV/TiO2/O3 photooxidation technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory (US) and semi-pilot (Israel) scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.  

Extending PTR based breath analysis to real-time monitoring of reactive volatile organic compounds

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (24) ◽  
pp. 7359-7367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pugliese ◽  
Phillip Trefz ◽  
Beate Brock ◽  
Jochen K. Schubert ◽  
Wolfram Miekisch
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Direct time resolved mass spectrometric monitoring of reactive exhaled nitrogen- and sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to metabolic processes, diseases and bacterial activity.

scholarly journals Laboratory measurements of emission factors of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from burning of Chinese crop residues

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 5237-5252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Inomata ◽  
Hiroshi Tanimoto ◽  
Xiaole Pan ◽  
Fumikazu Taketani ◽  
Yuichi Komazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Application of a mobile laboratory using a Selected-Ion Flow-Tube Mass Spectrometer (SIFT-MS) for characterisation of volatile organic compounds and atmospheric trace gases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Wagner ◽  
Naomi J. Farren ◽  
Jack Davison ◽  
Stuart Young ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Flow Tube ◽  
Ion Flow ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Selected Ion Flow Tube

Abstract. The importance of emissions source types in urban areas has undergone significant changes over the past two decades. In particular, there has been a considerable reduction in emissions associated with road vehicles. Understanding the role played by different source sectors is important if effective air pollution control is to be achieved. Current atmospheric measurements are made at fixed monitoring sites, most of which do not include the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and so our understanding of the temporal and spatial variation of pollutants is limited. Here we describe the application of a mobile laboratory using a selected-ion flow tube mass spectrometer (SIFT-MS) and other trace gas instrumentation to provide on-road, high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of CO2, CH4, VOCs and other trace gases. We then present data illustrating the potential of this platform for developing source characterisation methods that account for the similarity in correlation between species. Finally, we consider the benefits of high spatial and temporal resolution measurements in characterising different types of source, which would be difficult or impossible for single species studies.

scholarly journals Application of a mobile laboratory using a selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometer (SIFT-MS) for characterisation of volatile organic compounds and atmospheric trace gases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 6083-6100
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Wagner ◽  
Naomi J. Farren ◽  
Jack Davison ◽  
Stuart Young ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Flow Tube ◽  
Ion Flow ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Selected Ion Flow Tube

Abstract. Over the last 2 decades, the importance of emissions source types of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas has undergone significant change. In particular, there has been a considerable reduction in emissions associated with road vehicles. Understanding the role played by different source sectors is important if effective air pollution control is to be achieved. Current atmospheric measurements are made at fixed monitoring sites, most of which do not include the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), so our understanding of the temporal and spatial variation of pollutants is limited. Here we describe the application of a mobile laboratory using a selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometer (SIFT-MS) and other trace gas instrumentation to provide on-road, high-spatial- and temporal-resolution measurements of CO2, CH4, VOCs and other trace gases. We then illustrate the potential of this platform for developing source characterisation methods that account for the similarity in correlation between species. Finally, we consider the benefits of high-spatial- and temporal-resolution measurements in characterising different types of sources, which would be difficult or impossible for single-species studies.

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