✓ The influence of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α has been assessed on a cell line (U-251) derived from a human malignant glial tumor. The results of this study demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor-α at doses of 50 and 100 ng/ml: 1) did not have cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on the U-251 cell line; 2) significantly increased the intracellular activity of manganese superoxide dismutase but had no effect on copper and zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase activity; and 3) did not significantly alter the intracellular or extracellular general protease and collagenase type IV activity of these cells. The resistance of the U-251 cell line to tumor necrosis factor-α cytotoxicity may be related in part to the high intrinsic manganese superoxide dismutase activity present in this cell line combined with the ability of this cell line to induce substantial amounts of protective manganese superoxide dismutase activity in response to tumor necrosis factor-α.
Activated microglia provide a neuroprotective role by balancing glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion after subacute cerebral ischemia
