scholarly journals FISH-based karyotyping of Pelmatohydra oligactis (Pallas, 1766), Hydra oxycnida Schulze, 1914, and H. magnipapillata Itô, 1947 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A. Anokhin ◽  
Valentina G. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Dapi Banding

An account is given of the karyotypes of Hydramagnipapillata Itô, 1947, H.oxycnida Schulze, 1914, and Pelmatohydraoligactis (Pallas, 1766) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydridae). A number of different techniques were used: conventional karyotype characterization by standard staining, DAPI-banding and C-banding was complemented by the physical mapping of the ribosomal RNA (18S rDNA probe) and H3 histone genes, and the telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequence by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We found that the species studied had 2n = 30; constitutive heterochromatin was present in the centromeric regions of the chromosomes; the “vertebrate” telomeric (TTAGGG)n motif was located on both ends of each chromosome and no interstitial sites were detected; 18S rDNA was mapped on the largest chromosome pair in H.magnipapillata and on one of the largest chromosome pairs in H.oxycnida and P.oligactis; in H.magnipapillata, the major rRNA and H3 histone multigene families were located on the largest pair of chromosomes, on their long arms and in the centromeric areas respectively. This is the first chromosomal mapping of H3 in hydras.

Karyotype Evolution in Harvestmen of the Suborder Cyphophthalmi (Opiliones)

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Svojanovská ◽  
Petr Nguyen ◽  
Matyáš Hiřman ◽  
Ivan H. Tuf ◽  
Rodzay Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
Rna Genes

The morphologically uniform suborder Cyphophthalmi represents a basal group of harvestmen (Opiliones). As such, it plays an important role in the reconstruction of the karyotype evolution within this arachnid order. The cytogenetic analysis of 6 representatives of the suborder Cyphophthalmi, namely Miopsalis sp. (2n = 30; Stylocellidae), Austropurcellia arcticosa (Cantrell, 1980) (2n = 30; Pettalidae), Parapurcellia amatola de Bivort & Giribet, 2010 (2n = 32; Pettalidae), Paramiopsalis aff. ramulosus Juberthie, 1962 (2n = 28; Sironidae), Cyphophthalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868 (2n = 24; Sironidae), and Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956 (2n = 52; Sironidae) was performed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA probe was used to analyze the distribution of major ribosomal RNA genes in harvestmen. We confront the obtained cytogenetic data with current hypotheses on cyphophthalmid phylogeny to reconstruct their karyotype evolution. We conclude that the ancestral karyotype of harvestmen consisted of 2n = 30 elements with 1 chromosome pair bearing terminal rDNA clusters. The rDNA locus was multiplicated in the evolution of Cyphophthalmi. However, decreases as well as increases in the number of chromosomes have been detected in the karyotype evolution of Cyphophthalmi. Our data thus reveal unexpected diversity in cyphophthalmid karyotypes.

FISH landmarks for barley chromosomes (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Brown ◽  
Janice L Stephens ◽  
Nora LV Lapitan ◽  
Dennis L Knudson
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Rdna Probe

Barley metaphase chromosomes (2n = 14) can be identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital imaging microscopy using heterologous 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA probe sequences. When these sequences are used together, FISH landmark signals were seen so that all 7 chromosomes were uniquely identified and unambiguously oriented. The chromosomal location of the landmark signals was determined by FISH to a barley trisomic series using the 18S and 5S probes labeled with different fluorophores. The utility of these FISH landmarks for barley physical mapping was also demonstrated when an Amy-2 cDNA clone and a BAC clone were hybridized with the FISH landmark probes.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, barley, FISH, 5S, 18S, rDNA, landmarks, chromosome.

scholarly journals Cytogenetics of two sympatric Corydoras species (pisces, siluriformes, challichtyidae) of Southern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1b) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Artoni ◽  
M. L. Terêncio ◽  
M. R. Vicari ◽  
M. C. A. Matiello ◽  
M. M. Cestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Karyotypic Formula

Karyotypic data are presented for two sympatric Corydoras species of the Lagoa Dourada, namely, C. ehrhadti and C. paleatus, which are found in the upper Tibagi river basin (Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil). The same diploid number and karyotypic formula were observed in both species/populations. A great similarity in the constitutive heterochromatin distribution and in the activity of nucleolar organizer regions was also found. The use of in situ hybridization with a fluorescent 18S rDNA probe allowed for the identification of the species/populations through the location of ribosomal sites.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic data on Astyanax jacuhiensis (Characidae) in the lago Guaíba and tributaries, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosiley B. Pacheco ◽  
Lucia Giuliano-Caetano ◽  
Horácio F. Julio Junior ◽  
Ana L. Dias
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses ◽  
Terminal Site

Cytogenetic analyses were performed in Astyanax jacuhiensis from lago Guaíba, Brazil. The diploid number was 50, with a karyotype composed of 8m+30sm+4st+8a chromosomes, FN = 92. The AgNORs were observed in 2 to 5 chromosomes, with intra- and interindividual variation. The sm pair 8 observed always carried NORs on the short arms, presenting size heteromorphism between homologous. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an 18S rDNA probe only confirmed the location of ribosomal cistrons in the sm pair 8, and heteromorphism of these regions between the homologous chromosomes. C-banding revealed the occurrence of weak C-positive heterochromatin in the pericentromeric regions of several chromosomes, in addition to more evident bands interstitially located on some chromosome pairs and in the terminal region of the short arms in pair 8. C-banding plus CMA3 revealed light fluorescent signals in different chromosomes of the karyotype, with a strong terminal site in pair 8, indicating the occurrence of several GC-rich heterochromatic regions in this species. Our results provide the first description of the Astyanax jacuhiensis karyotype, showing karyotype similarities when compared to various populations of A. altiparanae and A. bimaculatus, indicating that chromosomal features are very similar for these three species.

scholarly journals New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio ◽  
Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera ◽  
Angélica Nunes Tiepo ◽  
José Antônio Marin Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Holocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

In this paper, we present new cytogenetic data for three species of the family Pentatomidae: Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851). All studied species presented holocentric chromosomes and inverted meiosis for the sex chromosomes. D. melacanthus has 2n = 12 (10A + XY); L. viridis showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY); and E. collaris showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY). C-banding was performed for the first time in these species and revealed terminal and interstitial heterochromatic regions on the autosomes; DAPI/CMA3 staining showed different fluorescent patterns. In all species, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe identified signals on one autosomal bivalent, this being the first report of FISH application in the species D. melacanthus and L. viridis. The results obtained add to those already existing in the literature, enabling a better understanding of the meiotic behavior of these insects.

scholarly journals New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio ◽  
Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera ◽  
Angélica Nunes Tiepo ◽  
José Antônio Marin Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Holocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

In this paper, we present new cytogenetic data for three species of the family Pentatomidae: Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851). All studied species presented holocentric chromosomes and inverted meiosis for the sex chromosomes. D. melacanthus has 2n = 12 (10A + XY); L. viridis showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY); and E. collaris showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY). C-banding was performed for the first time in these species and revealed terminal and interstitial heterochromatic regions on the autosomes; DAPI/CMA3 staining showed different fluorescent patterns. In all species, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe identified signals on one autosomal bivalent, this being the first report of FISH application in the species D. melacanthus and L. viridis. The results obtained add to those already existing in the literature, enabling a better understanding of the meiotic behavior of these insects.

scholarly journals Karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of rDNA of Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from Lake Volvi, Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hnátková ◽  
Costas Triantaphyllidis ◽  
Catherine Ozouf-Costaz ◽  
Lukáš Choleva ◽  
Zuzana Majtánová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages

The karyotype of Greek cobitid fish Cobitisstrumicae Karaman, 1955, from Lake Volvi, Greece, a representative of one of its two major intraspecific phylogenetic lineages, was analysed by means of sequential Giemsa-staining, C-banding, silver-staining, CMA3 fluorescence banding and also by in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA probe. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50, karyotype composed of 10 pairs of metacentric to submetacentric and 15 pairs of subtelocentric to acrocentric chromosomes. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) as revealed by Ag- and CMA3 staining and FISH were situated in the telomeric region of the fourth submetacentric chromosome pair. The chromosomes contained very low content of C-positive heterochromatin. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected. This first karyotype report for any species of lineage Bicanestrinia Băcescu, 1962 shows a simple karyotype dominated by acrocentric chromosomes and possessing single NOR-bearing chromosome pair. Cytotaxonomic implications of this finding for the taxonomy of the genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 are further discussed.

scholarly journals Physical Mapping of the 5S and 18S rDNA in Ten Species ofHypostomusLacépède 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): Evolutionary Tendencies in the Genus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bueno ◽  
Paulo César Venere ◽  
Jocicléia Thums Konerat ◽  
Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki ◽  
Marcelo Ricardo Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Metacentric Pair

Hypostomusis a diverse group with unclear aspects regarding its biology, including the mechanisms that led to chromosome diversification within the group. Fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) with 5S and 18S rDNA probes was performed on ten Hypostomini species.Hypostomus faveolus,H. cochliodon,H. albopunctatus,H.aff.paulinus,andH. topavaehad only one chromosome pair with 18S rDNA sites, whileH. ancistroides,H. commersoni,H. hermanni,H. regani,andH. strigaticepshad multiple 18S rDNA sites. Regarding the 5S rDNA genes,H. ancistroides,H. regani,H. albopunctatus,H.aff.paulinus,andH. topavaehad 5S rDNA sites on only one chromosome pair andH. faveolus,H. cochliodon,H. commersoni,H. hermanni,andH. strigaticepshad multiple 5S rDNA sites. Most species had 18S rDNA sites in the telomeric region of the chromosomes. All species butH. cochliodonhad 5S rDNA in the centromeric/pericentromeric region of one metacentric pair. Obtained results are discussed based on existent phylogenies for the genus, with comments on possible dispersion mechanisms to justify the variability of the rDNA sites inHypostomus.

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