Random Image Steganography using Pixel Indicator to Enhance Hiding Capacity

This chapter introduces the reader to cryptography, steganography, watermarking, and quality parameters of image steganography techniques. Cryptography is a technique for secret communication. Steganography is a technique for secret and unnoticeable communication. The watermarking techniques hide watermarks inside the digital media. There are four types of steganography techniques: (1) image steganography, (2) audio steganography, (3) video steganography, and (4) text steganography. The quality of image steganographic algorithms can be measured by three parameters like (1) hiding capacity, (2) distortion measure, and (3) security check.

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Pixel Indicated Triple Layer: A Way for Random Image Steganography

Research Journal of Information Technology ◽

10.3923/rjit.2013.87.99 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 87-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. Amirtharaj ◽

R. Subrahmany ◽

Jasti Nithin Teja ◽

Katkuri Mahendar Reddy ◽

J.B.B. Rayappan

Keyword(s):

Image Steganography ◽

Triple Layer ◽

Random Image

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Pixel Indicates, Standard Deviates: A Way for Random Image Steganography

Research Journal of Information Technology ◽

10.3923/rjit.2013.383.392 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 383-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. Amirtharaj ◽

V. Rajesh ◽

P. Archana ◽

J.B.B. Rayappan

Keyword(s):

Image Steganography ◽

Random Image

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Digital Image Steganography Using Bit Flipping

Cybernetics and Information Technologies ◽

10.2478/cait-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Aditya Kumar Sahu ◽

Gandharba Swain ◽

E. Suresh Babu

Keyword(s):

Digital Image ◽

Quality Index ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

The State ◽

Image Steganography ◽

Original Image ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Secret Data ◽

Hiding Capacity ◽

State Of Art

Abstract This article proposes bit flipping method to conceal secret data in the original image. Here a block consists of 2 pixels and thereby flipping one or two LSBs of the pixels to hide secret information in it. It exists in two variants. Variant-1 and Variant-2 both use 7th and 8th bit of a pixel to conceal the secret data. Variant-1 hides 3 bits per a pair of pixels and the Variant-2 hides 4 bits per a pair of pixels. Our proposed method notably raises the capacity as well as bits per pixel that can be hidden in the image compared to existing bit flipping method. The image steganographic parameters such as, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), hiding capacity, and the Quality Index (Q.I) of the proposed techniques has been compared with the results of the existing bit flipping technique and some of the state of art article.

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Improved Capacity Image Steganography Algorithm using 16-Pixel Differencing with n-bit LSB Substitution for RGB Images

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.10792 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2735 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meenakshi S Arya ◽

Meenu Rani ◽

Charndeep Singh Bedi

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Image Steganography ◽

The Internet ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Content Protection ◽

Hiding Capacity ◽

Pixel Value ◽

Four Levels ◽

Lsb Substitution

<p>With the intrusion of internet into the lives of every household and terabytes of data being transmitted over the internet on daily basis, the protection of content being transmitted over the internet has become an extremely serious concern. Various measures and methods are being researched and devised everyday to ensure content protection of digital media. To address this issue of content protection, this paper proposes an RGB image steganography based on sixteen-pixel differencing with n-bit Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution. The proposed technique provides higher embedding capacity without sacrificing the imperceptibility of the host data. The image is divided into 4×4 non overlapping blocks and in each block the average difference value is calculated. Based on this value the block is classified to fall into one of four levels such as, lower, lower-middle, higher-middle and higher. If block belongs to lower level then 2-bit LSB substitution is used in it. Similarly, for lower-middle, higher-middle and higher level blocks 3, 4, and 5 bit LSB substitution is used. In our proposed method there is no need of pixel value readjustment for minimizing distortion. The experimental results show that stego-images are imperceptible and have huge hiding capacity.</p>

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Improved Capacity Image Steganography Algorithm using 16-Pixel Differencing with n-bit LSB Substitution for RGB Images

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2735-2741 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2735

Author(s):

Meenakshi S Arya ◽

Meenu Rani ◽

Charndeep Singh Bedi

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Image Steganography ◽

The Internet ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Content Protection ◽

Hiding Capacity ◽

Pixel Value ◽

Four Levels ◽

Lsb Substitution

<p>With the intrusion of internet into the lives of every household and terabytes of data being transmitted over the internet on daily basis, the protection of content being transmitted over the internet has become an extremely serious concern. Various measures and methods are being researched and devised everyday to ensure content protection of digital media. To address this issue of content protection, this paper proposes an RGB image steganography based on sixteen-pixel differencing with n-bit Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution. The proposed technique provides higher embedding capacity without sacrificing the imperceptibility of the host data. The image is divided into 4×4 non overlapping blocks and in each block the average difference value is calculated. Based on this value the block is classified to fall into one of four levels such as, lower, lower-middle, higher-middle and higher. If block belongs to lower level then 2-bit LSB substitution is used in it. Similarly, for lower-middle, higher-middle and higher level blocks 3, 4, and 5 bit LSB substitution is used. In our proposed method there is no need of pixel value readjustment for minimizing distortion. The experimental results show that stego-images are imperceptible and have huge hiding capacity.</p>

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Binary Image Steganography based on Permutation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-427914/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juvet Karnel Sadié ◽

Stéphane Gael Raymond Ekodeck ◽

Rene Ndoundam

Keyword(s):

Binary Image ◽

Image Steganography ◽

Image Block ◽

Hiding Capacity ◽

Binary Images ◽

Embedding Technique

Abstract We propose a steganographic scheme based on permutations, which improves the capacity of embedding information in a series of p host binary images. Given a host binary image block of size m x n bits and any embedding technique T, where T can hide Q(m, n) bits of data in the image; given p images, T can hide p x Q(m, n) bits of data in these images. Our scheme improves the capacity of embedding information in p images such that, instead of p x Q(m, n) bits, it can hide p x log2(p) + p x Q(m, n)bits. The results which have been obtained by experiments, show that our model performs a better hiding process in terms of hiding capacity.

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