A Critical Review for an Accurate and Dynamic Prediction for the Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury based on Glasgow Outcome Scale

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge (GOS-HD) as a prognostic indicator in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: Retrospective data were collected of 45 patients, with Glasgow coma scale <8, age 25±10 years, 36 men, from medical records. Later, at home visit, two measures were scored: GOS-HD (according to information from family members) and GOS LATE (12 months after TBI). RESULTS: At discharge, the ERG showed: vegetative state (VS) in 2 (4%), severe disability (SD) in 27 (60%), moderate disability (MD) in 15 (33%) and good recovery (GR) in 1 (2%). After 12 months: death in 5 (11%), VS in 1 (2%), SD in 7 (16%), MD in 9 (20%) and GR in 23 (51%). Variables associated with poor outcome were: worse GOS-HD (p=0.03), neurosurgical procedures (p=0.008) and the kind of brain injury (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The GOS-HD was indicator of prognosis in patients with severe TBI.

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Health State Preference Weights for the Glasgow Outcome Scale Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Mapping Study

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.2398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 141-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gordon Ward Fuller ◽

Monica Hernandez ◽

David Pallot ◽

Fiona Lecky ◽

Mathew Stevenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽

Health State ◽

Mapping Study ◽

Health State Preference ◽

State Preference ◽

Preference Weights

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One-year extended Glasgow Outcome Scale and hospital mortality predictors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in Brazil

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/cc12275 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (S2) ◽

Author(s):

R Turon ◽

FR Ferreira ◽

D Prado ◽

P Kurtz ◽

M Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽

One Year ◽

Mortality Predictors

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Functional Status Examination Yields Higher Measurement Precision than the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/neu.2021.0152 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lindsay D Nelson ◽

Brooke E. Magnus ◽

Nancy Temkin ◽

Sureyya Dikmen ◽

Steve Balsis

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Functional Status ◽

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽

Measurement Precision

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Correlation of D-Dimer level with outcome in traumatic brain injury

Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jssn.v17i1.15177 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Pradip Prasad Subedi ◽

Sushil Krishna Shilpakar

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

Icu Stay ◽

The Mean ◽

Hospital Stay Duration ◽

D Dimer

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurosurgical emergency and a common public health problem with high mortality and long term morbidity. The cost incurred by TBI is immense. The major determinant of outcome following TBI is the severity of the primary injury. However, secondary injuries including coagulopathy are treatable prognostic factors. Many studies have revealed that coagulopathy of trauma depicted by increasing level of D-dimer is associated with poor prognosis in TBI. So, early dectection and correction of such abnormality is very important in management of TBI.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at Department of Surgery TUTH (Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital), Kathmandu,Nepal over a period of one year. One hundred and forty eight patients of TBI were included in the study. Clinical profile of the patients and D-dimer level were monitored during the hospital course. D-dimer level was correlated with outcome variables including duration of hospital stay, duration of Intensive care unit (ICU) stay and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).Results: A total of 194 patients were admitted with the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury during the study period and out of them 148 patients were enrolled for the study. Out of 148 patients one hundred and twenty (81.1%) were males and twenty eight (18.9%) were females. The mean age was 29.71±18.07 and the age ranged from 1 to 78 years. Seventy (47.3%) patient were between 21 to 40 years of age. The mean duration of hospital stay was 9.83±13.58 days and the mean duration of ICU stay was 3.78±7.06 days. Contusion was the most common lesion in our patients. Of the patients studied 111 patients (75%) had good recovery with GOS of 5, 9 patients (6.1%) had GOS of 4, 6 patients (4.1%) had GOS of 3, 1 patients (0.7%) had GOS of 2 and 21 patients (14.1%) had GOS of 1. Normal D-dimer was seen in 102 patients (68.9%) and elevated D-dimer in 46 patients (31.1%). Man –Whitney test shows higher D-dimer levels positively correlated with duration of hospital stay, duration of ICU stay and Glasgow Outcome Scale. Pearson chi-square test revealed higher levels of D-dimer correlated with grade of injury but not with mode of injury.Conclusion: D-dimer is elevated in significant proportion of patients with TBI and abnormal D-dimer level is associated with poor outcome in TBI.Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal Vol.17(1) 2014: 21-30

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