De-Multiple Strategies in Central Graben, North Sea: A Benchmark-Study Approach

Author(s):  
Y. Ivanov ◽  
A. Osen ◽  
Ø. Runde
Author(s):  
Moustapha Gning Tine ◽  
Gbeagblewo Edem

At independence, the leaders of the member states, in the search for ways of development of their young nations, have encountered the thorny problem of land management which was under the control of the customary regimes. West African land legislation is not sufficiently clarified and suffers from a legal dualism that hinders development and can lead to widespread conflicts. The increasingly visible development of a single regional market and the desire to create conditions for lasting social peace in the region make it imperative to secure the means of subsistence and to harmonize their governance. This work is an attempt to develop a benchmark study approach applicable to West African land. It represents a support for land reforms taking into account present and future land issues in the region. It is a methodology that develops both a set of indicators to evaluate and compare the performance of land practices as an approach to analyzing the results and proposing reforms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.


1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Macdonald ◽  
Mark P. Zanna ◽  
Geoffrey T. Fong ◽  
Alanna M. Martineau

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