Modeling Operational Robustness and Resiliency with High-Level Petri Nets

2012 ◽  
pp. 170-191
Author(s):  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Timothy E. Busch ◽  
Eleanor L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
High Level

Military operations are highly complex workflow systems that require careful planning and execution. The interactive complexity and tight coupling between people and technological systems has been increasing in military operations, which leads to both improved efficiency and a greater vulnerability to mission accomplishment due to attack or system failure. Although the ability to resist and recover from failure is important to many systems and processes, the robustness and resiliency of workflow management systems has received little attention in literature. The authors propose a novel workflow modeling framework using high-level Petri nets (PNs). The proposed framework is capable of both modeling structure and providing a wide range of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The concepts of self-protecting and self-healing systems are captured by the robustness and resiliency measures proposed in this study. The proposed measures are plotted in a Cartesian coordinate system; a classification scheme with four quadrants (i.e., possession, preservation, restoration, and devastation) is proposed to show the state of the system in terms of robustness and resiliency. The authors introduce an overall sustainability index for the system based on the theory of displaced ideals. The application of the methodology in the evaluation of an air tasking order generation system at the United States Air Force is demonstrated.

Modeling Operational Robustness and Resiliency with High-Level Petri Nets

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Timothy E. Busch ◽  
Eleanor L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

Military operations are highly complex workflow systems that require careful planning and execution. The interactive complexity and tight coupling between people and technological systems has been increasing in military operations, which leads to both improved efficiency and a greater vulnerability to mission accomplishment due to attack or system failure. Although the ability to resist and recover from failure is important to many systems and processes, the robustness and resiliency of workflow management systems has received little attention in literature. The authors propose a novel workflow modeling framework using high-level Petri nets (PNs). The proposed framework is capable of both modeling structure and providing a wide range of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The concepts of self-protecting and self-healing systems are captured by the robustness and resiliency measures proposed in this study. The proposed measures are plotted in a Cartesian coordinate system; a classification scheme with four quadrants (i.e., possession, preservation, restoration, and devastation) is proposed to show the state of the system in terms of robustness and resiliency. The authors introduce an overall sustainability index for the system based on the theory of displaced ideals. The application of the methodology in the evaluation of an air tasking order generation system at the United States Air Force is demonstrated.

Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Workflow Robustness and Resiliency Modeling with Petri Nets

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Timothy E. Busch ◽  
Eleanor L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

The increasing complexity and tight coupling between people and computer systems in military operations has led to improved efficiency, as well as greater vulnerability due to system failure. Careful management of workflow systems can minimize operational vulnerability in command and control. Tavana et al. (2011) developed a workflow management framework capable of both modeling structure and providing a wide range of quantitative analysis with high-level Petri nets (PNs). The framework is based on a sustainability index that captures the concepts of self-protecting and self-healing systems. This index uses crisp numerical values to measure the robustness and resiliency of the system. However, the observed values of data in real-world military operations are often imprecise or vague. These inexact data can be represented by fuzzy numbers to reflect the decision makers’ intuition and subjective judgments. In this paper, the authors extend this model to a fuzzy framework by proposing a new fuzzy workflow modeling system with PNs. The new model plots the fuzzy robustness and resiliency measures in a Cartesian coordinate system and derives an overall fuzzy sustainability index for the system based on the theory of displaced ideals. The proposed model also considers multiple criteria to produce this fuzzy index.

Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Workflow Robustness and Resiliency Modeling with Petri Nets

2012 ◽  
pp. 192-211
Author(s):  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Timothy E. Busch ◽  
Eleanor L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Inexact Data ◽  
Fuzzy Index ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate

The increasing complexity and tight coupling between people and computer systems in military operations has led to improved efficiency, as well as greater vulnerability due to system failure. Careful management of workflow systems can minimize operational vulnerability in command and control. Tavana et al. (2011) developed a workflow management framework capable of both modeling structure and providing a wide range of quantitative analysis with high-level Petri nets (PNs). The framework is based on a sustainability index that captures the concepts of self-protecting and self-healing systems. This index uses crisp numerical values to measure the robustness and resiliency of the system. However, the observed values of data in real-world military operations are often imprecise or vague. These inexact data can be represented by fuzzy numbers to reflect the decision makers’ intuition and subjective judgments. In this paper, the authors extend this model to a fuzzy framework by proposing a new fuzzy workflow modeling system with PNs. The new model plots the fuzzy robustness and resiliency measures in a Cartesian coordinate system and derives an overall fuzzy sustainability index for the system based on the theory of displaced ideals. The proposed model also considers multiple criteria to produce this fuzzy index.

Towards a Bipolar World. Book Review of ‘The Second World War and the Transformation of International Relations: From Multipolarity to a Bipolar World’ edited by L.S. Belousov and A.S. Manykin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
V. I. Batyuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

In 2020 the whole world commemorated the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II — the most horrifi c war in the human history. However, the celebration of the victory over fascism was overshadowed by the growing tension among the leading actors of contemporary international relations. In this context, a high level of responsibility falls on the academic community to rebuff politically motivated attempts to rewrite history and revise the outcomes of this war. The book under review could make an important contribution to that end. The book provides a comprehensive and balanced analysis of the history of World War II. The reviewer emphasizes that rather than providing a detailed examination of military operations the authors focused on their impact on the development of the international relations system. In particular, the book provides a detailed picture of the complex interactions within the strategic triangle — the Soviet Union, the United States, and Great Britain — both during the war and in the years after the war. As a result, the book under review not only provides an opportunity to better understand the key trends in relationships between the Great Powers during the war, but also sheds new light on the origins of the bipolar system and the beginning of the Cold War. The reviewer concludes that, despite sometimes excessively Eurocentric approach of the authors, this book is a seminal work on the history of World War II and a major event for the Russian academic community. As such, this book can be recommended to both professional historians and a wider audience.

scholarly journals Workflow Systems for Science: Concepts and Tools

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Talia
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Scientific Applications ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Workflow System ◽  
Computing Platforms ◽  
High Level

The wide availability of high-performance computing systems, Grids and Clouds, allowed scientists and engineers to implement more and more complex applications to access and process large data repositories and run scientific experiments in silico on distributed computing platforms. Most of these applications are designed as workflows that include data analysis, scientific computation methods, and complex simulation techniques. Scientific applications require tools and high-level mechanisms for designing and executing complex workflows. For this reason, in the past years, many efforts have been devoted towards the development of distributed workflow management systems for scientific applications. This paper discusses basic concepts of scientific workflows and presents workflow system tools and frameworks used today for the implementation of application in science and engineering on high-performance computers and distributed systems. In particular, the paper reports on a selection of workflow systems largely used for solving scientific problems and discusses some open issues and research challenges in the area.

The Stability Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Dawn A. Trevisani ◽  
Jerry L. Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Stability Index ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Stability Model ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Force Research Laboratory ◽  
The Ideal

The increasing complexity and tight coupling between people and technology in military Command and Control (C2) systems has led to greater vulnerability due to system failure. Although system vulnerabilities cannot be completely eliminated, the accidental or anticipated failures have to be thoroughly understood and guarded. Traditionally, the failure in C2 systems has been studied with resiliency and the concept of self-healing systems represented with reactive models or robustness and the concept of self-protecting systems represented with proactive models. The authors propose the stability model for simultaneous consideration of robustness and resiliency in C2 systems. Robustness and resiliency are measured with multiple criteria (i.e. repair-recovery times and repair-recovery costs). The proposed interactive framework plots the robustness and resiliency measures in a Cartesian coordinate system and derives an overall stability index for various states of the C2 system based on the theory of displaced ideals. An ideal state is formed as a composite of the best performance values and a nadir state is formed as a composite of the worst performance values exhibited by the system. Proximity to each of these performance poles is measured with the Euclidean distance. The C2 system should be as close to the ideal state as possible and as far from the nadir state as possible. The stability index is a composite measure of distance from the ideal and nadir states in the C2 system. The authors present a case study at the Air Force Research Laboratory to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework and exhibit the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms.

Flexible Distributed Workflow System Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Hai Rui Wang ◽  
Jian Ying Wang ◽  
Zhi Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
State Diagrams ◽  
System A ◽  
Workflow System ◽  
Distributed Components ◽  
Distributed Workflow System

The paper addresses the problem of flexible Workflow Management Systems (WFMS) in distributed environment. Concerning the serious deficiency of flexibility in the current workflow systems, we describe how our FlexFlow workflow system meets the requirements of interoperability, scalability, flexibility, dependability and adaptability. With an additional route engine, the execution path will be adjusted dynamically according to the execution conditions so as to improve the flexibility and dependability of the system. A dynamic register mechanism of domain engines is introduced to improve the scalability and adaptability of the system. We describe functionalities, collaborations and process state diagrams of our system. The system is general purpose and open: it has been designed and implemented as a set of CORBA services. The system serves as an example of the use of middleware technologies to provide a fault-tolerant execution environment for long running distributed applications. The system also provides a mechanism for communication of distributed components in order to support inter-organizational WFMS.

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