Design Issues of 4G-Network Mobility Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 634-662
Author(s):  
D. H. Manjaiah ◽  
P. Payaswini
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Ieee 802.21 ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Media Independent Handover ◽  
The Media

Fourth Generation wireless networking (4G network) is expected to provide global roaming across different types of wireless and mobile networks. In this environment, roaming is seamless and users are always connected to the best network. Moreover, 4G networks will be packet switched systems entirely based on the IPv6 protocol. The essentiality of Quality of Service (QoS) and the heterogeneous nature of 4G pose high demands onto the mobility management technology. Due to this, one of the most challenging research areas for the 4G network is the design of intelligent mobility management techniques that take advantage of IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming among various access technologies. In order to address the issue of heterogeneity of the networks, IEEE 802.21 working group proposed Media Independent Handover (MIH). The scope of the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard is to develop a specification that provides link layer intelligence and other related network information to upper layers to optimize handovers between heterogeneous media. The IEEE 802.21 group defines the media independent handover function that will help mobile devices to roam across heterogeneous networks and stationary devices to switch over to any of the available heterogeneous networks around it.

Design Issues of 4G-Network Mobility Management

2014 ◽  
pp. 210-238
Author(s):  
D. H. Manjaiah ◽  
P. Payaswini
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Ieee 802.21 ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Media Independent Handover ◽  
The Media

Fourth Generation wireless networking (4G network) is expected to provide global roaming across different types of wireless and mobile networks. In this environment, roaming is seamless and users are always connected to the best network. Moreover, 4G networks will be packet switched systems entirely based on the IPv6 protocol. The essentiality of Quality of Service (QoS) and the heterogeneous nature of 4G pose high demands onto the mobility management technology. Due to this, one of the most challenging research areas for the 4G network is the design of intelligent mobility management techniques that take advantage of IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming among various access technologies. In order to address the issue of heterogeneity of the networks, IEEE 802.21 working group proposed Media Independent Handover (MIH). The scope of the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard is to develop a specification that provides link layer intelligence and other related network information to upper layers to optimize handovers between heterogeneous media. The IEEE 802.21 group defines the media independent handover function that will help mobile devices to roam across heterogeneous networks and stationary devices to switch over to any of the available heterogeneous networks around it.

Fourth Generation Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 146-180
Author(s):  
Jivesh Govil ◽  
Jivika Govil
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Wireless Lan ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Packet Access ◽  
4G Wireless ◽  
Wireless Convergence ◽  
Code Division Multiple

Mobile researchers are witnessing burgeoning interest in 4G wireless networks that patronize global roaming across diverse wireless and mobile networks. The pith of 4G mobile systems lies in seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)/ High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). 1×Evolution Data Optimized, (1×EVDO). Wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. However, migrating current systems to 4G engenders enormous challenges. With ever-changing specification and standards, developing a prototype requires flexible process to provide 4G system capabilities. The 4G system has its own advantages and associated dangers. This chapter intends to deal with adoption issues of 4G, the fundamentals as well as issues pertaining to 4G networks, standards, terminals, services of 4G, and the vision of network operators and service providers. Besides, to overcome the challenges of sophisticated personal sessions and service mobility, advanced mobility management (MM) is needed to fulfill the need for seamless global roaming. The chapter endeavors to make an evaluation on development, transition, and roadmap for fourth generation mobile communication system with a perspective of wireless convergence domain in addition to mobility management. Lastly, open research issues in 4G are succinctly discussed.

scholarly journals Soundtrack for reality? How to use music effectively in non-fictional media formats

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562199909
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Herget ◽  
Jessica Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Television News ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
News Magazines ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Formats

Although it is frequently used and is highly valued in practice, background music in non-fictional media formats has shown a broad spectrum of ambiguous results in previous empirical research. Scholars have often even advised against the use of music in formats such as television news, news magazines, and documentaries. Discrepancies in the effectiveness of background music have also been found in film and advertising research. In these research areas, the congruence between music and medium has been shown to be especially relevant for predicting music’s effects. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of congruent and incongruent music in non-fictional media formats. The first experiment ( N = 92) focused on music’s expressed and induced emotions, recipients’ memory performance, and the perceived credibility and general evaluation of the media format. Experiment 2 ( N = 147) concentrated on attitude changes. As expected, carefully selected congruent background music (i.e., music expressing emotions and triggering associations fitting the media format’s topic) positively influenced recipients’ emotionalization, memory performance, and attitude change, as well as the perceived credibility and general evaluation of the media format. All of the measured effects can be considered medium or large ([Formula: see text]).

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