Residential Resource Consumption

2018 ◽  
pp. 251-287
Author(s):  
Maryam Saydi ◽  
Ian D. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Scenario Testing

Residential energy and water consumption depend on dwelling structure and the behaviour of residents. Aspects of residential behaviour can be derived from census data. Dwelling information is harder to obtain. Using both aerial and street-level views from Google mapping products, exterior dwelling characteristics were captured in each of 40 postal areas in and around Melbourne, Australia. This approach saved the time and cost of travelling to the widely spread suburbs and provided data not otherwise available. The census and dwelling data were compared with resource usage statistics in linear regression models. It was found that energy and water use are highly correlated, with socio-economic variables better explaining water consumption and dwelling structure factors better explaining energy consumption. Nevertheless, the proportions of households that include a couple with children and have a swimming pool provided useful models of variations in both energy and water use. Applications to planning through spatially explicit scenario testing were developed in ArcGIS ModelBuilder.

scholarly journals Household Water and Energy Consumption Changes during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns: Cases of the Kazakhstani Cities of Almaty, Shymkent, and Atyrau

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Aidana Tleuken ◽  
Galym Tokazhanov ◽  
Aray-Bibi Serikbay ◽  
Kuanysh Zhalgasbayev ◽  
Mert Guney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the daily behaviors of people by forcing them to spend the majority of their time in their residences, particularly during social distancing measures. The increased time spent at home is expected to influence, among other things, the daily consumption of utilities: specifically, water and energy. A prolonged presence of residents at home during COVID-19 lockdowns might increase strain on water and energy resources, which are mostly from non-renewable sources in several countries, including Kazakhstan; however, such potentially important effects have not yet been studied for the country. The present research aims to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns have affected the water and energy consumption in residential housings in cities of varying sizes in Kazakhstan, providing a novel understanding of the effect of pandemic lockdowns on household energy and water consumption. Energy and water consumption data of Almaty, Shymkent, and Atyrau have been first obtained from the local service companies, and then, the usage behavior was analyzed for the periods before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. After, statistical tests were conducted to check the hypotheses regarding the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on the consumption of energy and water. The findings indicate that residential energy and water consumption increased during the lockdown periods in large and medium cities. Nevertheless, this growth is not highly significant compared to similar non-pandemic timeframes. This result could indicate a particular risk for sustainable resources consumption and put pressure on the supply companies. Moreover, in case of further lockdown measures, current building systems are at risk of increased pressure, and eventually, of failure.

The Ecology of Peasant Communism in India

1971 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Zagoria
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Indian Census

The purpose of this article is to investigate the agrarian base of Indian communism through the use of statistical data and techniques in which the Communist vote over three general elections since 1957 is correlated with 35 largely socio-economic variables taken from Indian census data. The results indicate that two of these variables—landlessness in densely populated areas—explain a significant percentage of the variance in the Indian Communist vote. It is further suggested on the basis of statistical data accumulated by other investigators for Java and the Philippines that the same two variables are highly correlated with Communist strength in other parts of Asia.

scholarly journals Energy perceptions in South Africa: An analysis of behaviour and understanding of electric water heaters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ (Thinus) Booysen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Know How ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data

Using data from an online national survey conducted in South Africa, this paper aims to investigate: the awareness of energy savings measures for electric water heaters (EWHs); whether or not consumers are implementing suggested measures; and if consumers understand and effectively control their EWHs’ energy usage. Additionally, the data is used to determine the success of educational and rebate programmes aimed at reducing residential energy usage and to determine possible motivations for encouraging users to reduce or alter their EWH energy and warm water consumption. The results of this questionnaire indicate that: convenience is a key factor in consumers’ willingness to implement curtailment actions; users don’t understand the energy consumption of their EWHs; and they don’t know how to control their EWHs efficiently.

scholarly journals Determinants of water consumption in the dairy industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Wojdalski ◽  
Bogdan Dróżdż ◽  
Janusz Piechocki ◽  
Marek Gaworski ◽  
Zygmunt Zander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Highly Correlated

This paper analyzes the correlations between selected technical, process and production factors, equipment profiles and water consumption statistics in four types of dairy plants. Dairy plants were surveyed both individually and in groups. Water consumption was most highly correlated (r > 0.868) with equipment profiles. The highest water consumption was observed in dairy plants operating milk powder departments. In those plants, organization and production factors could significantly reduce water consumption levels because in addition to milk powder, those plants also supplied eight other products. The indicators of water consumption per unit of the final product were correlated (at 0.820 > | r | > 0.663) with equipment profiles, the degree of process automation and employment. Variations in water consumption per unit of the final product were best explained in small plants supplying several products. The presented equations can be used to optimize water demand of various types of equipment and to determine the correlations with energy consumption for wastewater treatment. Our results can contribute to the development of water consumption models in dairy plants and the implementation of clean production standards.

Analyzing the Effect of Mandatory Water Restrictions on Water Usage

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Dronyk-Trosper ◽  
Brandli Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Water Restrictions

AbstractAs water rights and water usage become an ever more important part of municipalities’ and states’ way of life, it becomes important to understand what policies can be effective for encouraging conservation of water. One method that has been employed at various times and throughout numerous communities is to limit outdoor watering days. We use a dataset with over 3 million property-month observations during the 2007–2015 period in Norman, Oklahoma, to identify whether the periodic implementation of mandatory water restrictions reduces water usage. Our data allow us to exploit variance in the timing of these water restriction programs. Our findings indicate that this policy reduces water consumption by 0.7 % of total water consumption. Additionally, we use home assessment prices to identify heterogeneity in this response, finding that high priced homes are more responsive to water use restrictions.

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