Distributed Computing for Internet of Things (IoT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Trikamlal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Internet Infrastructure ◽  
Computing Environments

In recent years, internet of things (IoT) has expanded due to very good internet infrastructure everywhere. IoT has the ability to create a network of physical things that use embedded technologies in order to sense, converse, cooperate, and team up with other things. IoT-based applications require scalability and fault tolerance, which is very difficult to implement in centralized systems and computing environments. Distributed computing is an ideal solution to implement IoT-based applications. The chapter starts with the basics of distributed computing where difference with centralized computing, challenges, and types of distributed computing applications are discussed. The chapter deals with the role of distributed computing for IoT based on advantages, issues, and related IoT-based applications. The chapter discusses the recent topic of distributed computing—FOG computing—in connection with IoT-based applications. At last, the chapter addresses research and interest trends about distributed computing and IoT.

Distributed Computing for Internet of Things (IoT)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1874-1894
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Trikamlal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Internet Infrastructure ◽  
Computing Environments

In recent years, internet of things (IoT) has expanded due to very good internet infrastructure everywhere. IoT has the ability to create a network of physical things that use embedded technologies in order to sense, converse, cooperate, and team up with other things. IoT-based applications require scalability and fault tolerance, which is very difficult to implement in centralized systems and computing environments. Distributed computing is an ideal solution to implement IoT-based applications. The chapter starts with the basics of distributed computing where difference with centralized computing, challenges, and types of distributed computing applications are discussed. The chapter deals with the role of distributed computing for IoT based on advantages, issues, and related IoT-based applications. The chapter discusses the recent topic of distributed computing—FOG computing—in connection with IoT-based applications. At last, the chapter addresses research and interest trends about distributed computing and IoT.

scholarly journals Scalable Fog Computing Orchestration for Reliable Cloud Task Scheduling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10996
Author(s):  
Jongbeom Lim
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Virtualization Technology ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
One Machine

As Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices are becoming increasingly popular in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the orchestration and management of numerous fog devices encounter a scalability problem. In fog computing environments, to embrace various types of computation, cloud virtualization technology is widely used. With virtualization technology, IoT and IIoT tasks can be run on virtual machines or containers, which are able to migrate from one machine to another. However, efficient and scalable orchestration of migrations for mobile users and devices in fog computing environments is not an easy task. Naïve or unmanaged migrations may impinge on the reliability of cloud tasks. In this paper, we propose a scalable fog computing orchestration mechanism for reliable cloud task scheduling. The proposed scalable orchestration mechanism considers live migrations of virtual machines and containers for the edge servers to reduce both cloud task failures and suspended time when a device is disconnected due to mobility. The performance evaluation shows that our proposed fog computing orchestration is scalable while preserving the reliability of cloud tasks.

scholarly journals Design a blockchain-based middleware layer in the Internet of Things Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store big data in the cloud. The fog computing acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The extension of fog in this framework works on physical things under IoT. The IoT devices are called fog nodes, they can have accessed anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing a new blockchains based middleware framework in the architecture of the Internet of Things is one of the critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of IoT. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the middleware framework in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates blockchains to the Internet of things and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices.

Towards the Protection and Security in Fog Computing for Industrial Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
G. Rama Subba Reddy ◽  
K. Rangaswamy ◽  
Malla Sudhakara ◽  
Pole Anjaiah ◽  
K. Reddy Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Privacy Issues

Internet of things (IoT) has given a promising chance to construct amazing industrial frameworks and applications by utilizing wireless and sensor devices. To support IIoT benefits efficiently, fog computing is typically considered as one of the potential solutions. Be that as it may, IIoT services still experience issues such as high-latency and unreliable connections between cloud and terminals of IIoT. In addition to this, numerous security and privacy issues are raised and affect the users of the distributed computing environment. With an end goal to understand the improvement of IoT in industries, this chapter presents the current research of IoT along with the key enabling technologies. Further, the architecture and features of fog computing towards the fog-assisted IoT applications are presented. In addition to this, security and protection threats along with safety measures towards the IIoT applications are discussed.

scholarly journals A Survey on Blockchain and Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.

scholarly journals Blockchain and Internet of Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p>In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.</p>

Comparing User Authentication Techniques for Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Munir ◽  
Lawan A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
User Authentication ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Password Authentication ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Password Based Authentication ◽  
Gain Access

In the IoT scenario, things at the edge can create significantly large amounts of data. Fog computing has recently emerged as the paradigm to address the needs of edge computing in internet of things (IoT) and industrial internet of things (IIoT) applications. Authentication is an important issue for the security of fog computing since services are offered to massive-scale end users by front fog nodes. Fog computing faces new security and privacy challenges besides those inherited from cloud computing. Authentication helps to ensure and confirms a user's identity. The existing traditional password authentication does not provide enough security for the data, and there have been instances when the password-based authentication has been manipulated to gain access to the data. Since the conventional methods such as passwords do not serve the purpose of data security, this chapter focuses on biometric user authentication in fog computing environments. In this chapter, the authors present biometric smartcard authentication to protect the fog computing environment.

Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Angeline C. V. ◽  
Raja Lavanya
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Fog computing extends the cloud computing paradigm to the edge of the network, thus enabling a new breed of applications and services. Defining characteristics of the Fog are 1) low latency and location awareness, 2) widespread geographical distribution, 3) mobility, 4) very large number of nodes, 5) predominant role of wireless access, 6) strong presence of streaming and real time applications, and 7) heterogeneity. In this chapter, the authors argue that the above characteristics make the Fog the appropriate platform for a number of critical internet of things (IoT) services and applications, namely connected vehicle, smart grid, smart cities, and in general, wireless sensors and actuators networks (WSANs).

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