Context
This chapter discusses the role of clinical practice guidelines within the health system of a country. It begins with an overview of clinical practice guidelines implementation internationally and the methodology followed in their development. This is followed by a discussion of development and implementation of guidelines in South Africa. The discussion in South Africa utilises the case study of development and implementation of the PALSA (practical approach to lung health in South Africa) guideline. The PALSA study was influential to the author. He got many ideas from this study which were helpful to the BACIS program study. The PALSA guideline is one of the success stories in respect of guideline development and implementation in South Africa.