Healthcare Providers in Africa Face HIV and AIDS Challenges in Providing Services to a Key Population: Infant and Young Child Feeding

There is agreement on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and the introduction of appropriate complementary foods at 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding, for all infants. However, infant, and young child feeding (IYCF) guidelines for HIV-positive mothers have changed on a regular basis since 2000. Considering new HIV treatment guidelines, implementation challenges, and knowledge gaps, this article investigates issues and Evidence related to IYCF for the prevention and care of paediatric HIV in resource-limited settings. The effectiveness of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) in decreasing the incidence of HIV transmission from mother to child prompted WHO to urge countries to support either avoidance or treatment. Significant progress has been made in terms of preserving the lives of moms but also decreasing the spread of HIV among children, but long-term political, financial, and scientific commitment is essential for ensuring effective postnatal HIV prevention programs and providing for the nutritional requirements of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected infants.

Produção e difusão de materiais educativos durante a pandemia da COVID-19: Experiências extensionistas na formação em saúde

Este artigo relata as ações extensionistas de produção e difusão de materiais educativos sobre o coronavírus desenvolvidas por estudantes de Enfermagem e Medicina durante a pandemia. As ações do projeto foram organizadas recorrendo às redes sociais Instagram e Facebook, com postagens semanais de boletins epidemiológicos e artigos científicos. Foram desenvolvidas cartilhas educativas sobre temas emergentes na pandemia, tais como aleitamento materno, cuidado a criança em idade escolar, população privada de liberdade e mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica. Os materiais também foram enviados por e-mail para estudantes, técnicos e docentes da Universidade. As métricas do Instagram mostram o alcance das ações em um número de seguidoras da população feminina, jovem e residente em Chapecó. A experiência relatada possibilitou aos estudantes a execução de atividades em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, desenvolvendo competências necessárias para atuação nas áreas da atenção, gestão e educação em saúde. Os acadêmicos puderam desenvolver habilidades comunicativas em saúde, apreender diferentes tecnologias digitais, melhorar o uso das línguas estrangeiras, conhecer o trabalho interprofissional, aprimorar a busca em base de dados internacionais e entender o raciocínio clínico epidemiológico. A efetivação das diretrizes nos currículos dos cursos da área da saúde é um desafio importante para a formação de profissionais voltados para a atuação e defesa do SUS. Portanto, é fundamental que a extensão seja desenvolvida dentro dos cursos da saúde, enquanto processo essencial para a formação e como produtora de cuidado nos locais onde está inserida. Palavras-chave: Educação em Saúde; Isolamento Social; Extensão Universitária; Redes Sociais Production and dissemination of educational materials during the COVID-19 pandemic: extension experiences in health education Abstract: This article reports the extension actions for the production and dissemination of educational materials on the coronavirus developed by Nursing and Medicine students during the pandemic. The project's actions were organized using Instagram and Facebook's social networks, with weekly posts of epidemiological bulletins and scientific articles. Educational booklets were developed on emerging themes in the pandemic, such as breastfeeding, care for school-age children, the population deprived of liberty, and women victims of domestic violence. The materials were also sent by email to students, technicians, and professors at the University. Instagram metrics show the reach of the actions in the number of followers of the female, young, and resident population in Chapecó (Santa Catarina State, Brazil). The experience reported enabled students to carry out activities in line with the National Curriculum Guidelines, developing the necessary skills to work in care, management, and health education. Students were able to develop communication skills in health, learn different digital technologies, improve the use of foreign languages, learn about interprofessional work, improve the search in international databases and understand the clinical and epidemiological reasoning. The guidelines implementation in the curricula of the health area is an important challenge for the training of professionals focused on the performance and defense of the SUS. Therefore, it is fundamental that extension is developed within health courses, as an essential process for training and as a producer of care in the places it is inserted. Keywords: Health Education; Social Isolation; University Extension; Social Media

Effect of Self-Care Guidelines on Symptoms Burden for Patients with Lung Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

Context: Lung cancer is common cancer worldwide. Because of the high-symptoms burden and severe morbidity, effective symptoms management requires comprehensive self-care strategies. Aim: This study was aimed to assess the effect of self-care guidelines on symptoms burden for patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This study was conducted at the outpatient clinics in Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Center, affiliated to Ain Shams University. A quasi-experimental (pre/posttest) design was employed on a purposive sample of 50 adult patients were recruited for this study. The data were collected through a structured interview questionnaire to assess the patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, medical health profile, and knowledge about lung cancer. Lung Cancer and Chemotherapy Associated Symptoms Self-care Practices’ Assessment Questionnaire and M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer (MDASI-LC) were also used. Results: The present study revealed that 36% of the patients had a satisfactory level of knowledge pre-implementation of self-care guidelines, which improved significantly for 48% of the patients post-implementation at p 0.007. 26.3% of them exhibit a satisfactory level of self-care practice pre-implementation of self-care guidelines that improved significantly (57.9%) post-implementation at p 0.001. Also, lung cancer symptom burdens and symptoms' influence on patients' lives were significantly improved after the implementation compared with preintervention level at p 0.001. A non-significant difference between pre and post-implementation of self-care guidelines regarding symptoms interference with patients' life was revealed at p 0.801. There were statistically negative correlations between patients' total symptom severity and self-care practice pre- and post-self-care guidelines implementation. Conclusion: self-care guidelines have a statistically significant positive effect on decreasing the severity of lung cancer symptoms. While chemotherapy-associated symptoms were slightly improved, there were no significant differences between pre and post-self-care guidelines implementation regarding symptoms interference with patients’ life. Health education programs about the disease and its management should be provided for lung cancer patients.

A study of medical education technology (MET) guidelines implementation in poorly performing first year medical students

Introduction and Aim: MET guideline is a compulsory directive of MCI which has to be implemented in medical education training program in all medical colleges in the country.Idea for research was originated by better university result of last year in which group dynamics, PBL, SDL, group discussion was implemented.The present study was conducted to improve the performance of poor scoring medical students utilizing MET guidelines. Materials and Methods: 24 Students were selected out of 150 students on the basis of poorscore between September to March from 1st year M.B.B.S. batch (2017-2018), T.S.M. Medical College and Hospital, Amausi, Lucknow. They were exposed to MET guidelines like group dynamics, PBL, SDL, group discussion etc. Their performance was observed in successive examinations. Results: 92% students of study group showed improvement. But desired goal was achieved by 83% students. Conclusion: Small group teaching and newer methods of teaching are helpful in improvingperformance(increase percentage of marks) of students.

Penilaian Berbasis High Order Thinking Skills dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif pada Mata Pelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>This study aims to analyze the concept of HOTS based assessment to improve students critical and creative thinking skills, the implementation of HOTS based assessments in improving students critical and creative thinking skills, results of HOTS-based assessments in improving students abilities. critical and creative thinking of students in the subjects of Islamic Religious Education and Character Education at the Junior High School level in Kudus Regency. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using Milles and Huberman analysis models include data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Results of this study indicate that the HOTS based assessment concept consists of analyzing the Basic Competencies; compiling a grid of questions; choosing a stimulus; write question items; and make scoring guidelines. Implementation of the HOTS based assessment consists of the dominance of the cognitive aspect in making questions; cognitive level creates, evaluates and analyzes as a reference in making questions; and making questions oriented towards measuring the metacognitive dimensions of students. Results of the HOTS based assessment can be seen from the mastery of the material with a higher level, and the ability to think systematically, learn to analyze a problem from various aspects and educate students to be confident. Thus, HOTS based assessment is important to be implemented in learning activities, with the aim that students are able to think creatively, critically, innovatively, argue, solve problems, and have expertise in making decisions, especially on Islamic Religious Education and Character Education materials.</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep penilaian berbasis HOTS untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik, implementasi penilaian berbasis HOTS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik, dan hasil penilaian berbasis HOTS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik pada mata pelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti di tingkat SMP Kabupaten Kudus. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis Milles dan Huberman meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep penilaian berbasis HOTS terdiri dari menganalisis KD; menyusun kisi-kisi soal; memilih stimulus; menulis butir pertanyaan; dan membuat pedoman penskoran. Implementasi penilaian berbasis HOTS terdiri dari dominasi aspek kognitif dalam membuat soal; level kognitif mencipta, mengevaluasi dan menganalisis menjadi rujukan dalam membuat soal; dan pembuatan soal berorientasi mengukur dimensi metakognitif peserta didik. Hasil penilaian berbasis HOTS terlihat dari penguasaan materi dengan level yang lebih tinggi, dan kemampuan berpikir secara sistematis, belajar menganalisis suatu masalah dari berbagai aspek dan mendidik peserta didik percaya diri. Dengan demikian penilaian berbasis HOTS penting untuk diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, dengan tujuan agar peserta didik mampu berpikir kreatif, kritis, inovatif, berargumen, menyelesaikan masalah, dan keahlian dalam mengambil keputusan, khususnya pada materi PAI dan Budi Pekerti.<br /></em></p>

Healthcare Simulation Use to Support Guidelines Implementation: An Integrative Review

Introduction: Simulation-based education is a useful teaching and learning strategy that can help to implement guidelines into healthcare settings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to collate, synthesize, and analyze the literature focusing on the use of simulation as an educational strategy to support guidelines implementation among healthcare providers (HCPs). Materials and Methods: Integrative literature review using the methodology proposed by Ganong. Results/Discussion: Twenty-three articles were selected, the majority (n=19, 82%) used simulation in practice settings and pre- and post-test measurement (n=16, 69%). All studies that assessed simulation effects highlighted that the use of simulation improved the measured outcomes related to guideline implementation. Simulation-based education can be an effective strategy to support guidelines implementation among HCPs, but aspects such as cost involved, time constraints, training of educators, and the HCPs’ learning needs can affect its applicability. Future research should focus on more transparent reports related to the guidelines for simulation content, virtual learning, costs of simulation, and measurement of the long-term effects of simulation-based education.