The Water-Waste Nexus

2022 ◽  
pp. 368-387
Author(s):  
Trust Nhubu ◽  
Edison Muzenda ◽  
Mohamed Belaid

The management of water resources and waste is amongst the major challenges facing the majority of urban environments within developing nations due to the rapid population growth and urbanisation as well as improved lifestyles. The Greater Harare Metropolitan Province is not spared by these management challenges. This chapter proposes a number of scenarios that could be implemented in the short to medium terms to address these challenges within the GHMP from a water-waste nexus approach. The water-waste nexus approach is anticipated to significantly reduce the human health impacts and environmental impacts, specifically the water resources pollution which is responsible for the increase in cost of potable water production subsequently resulting in intermittent potable water supply in the GHMP. The study regards the recovery of energy from the waste generated in the GHMP as an integral component of the approach with the energy recovered used for water, wastewater, and waste treatment.

10.1596/30593 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Marin ◽  
Bambos Charalambous ◽  
Thierry Davy

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-580
Author(s):  
Eloiza Rocha Queiroz ◽  
José Falcão Sobrinho

A região Nordeste do Brasil vem sendo alvo de medidas do Estado a mais de um século, na tentativa de solucionar o problema da falta de água em época de secas. O Estado do Ceará, por sua vez, apresenta boa parte de seu território inserido no semiárido brasileiro, uma região caracterizada pelo clima seco, com poucas chuvas e elevada evapotranspiração. A problemática da água existe há bastante tempo, principalmente o acesso em quantidade e qualidade suficientes para atender a população. O presente trabalho tem como tema central a questão dos recursos hídricos, com enfoque no abastecimento humano do município de Cariré, localizado na região noroeste do Ceará. Nosso objetivo consiste em apresentar um panorama de como atualmente a população carireense tem acesso à água potável. A metodologia adotada constitui-se em duas etapas: na primeira, realizamos levantamento de material bibliográfico e a segunda diz respeito a parte prática realizada em saídas a campo. Segundo a ONU, a água é um bem comum e que deve ser de acesso a todos, é um direito humano. Nesta perspectiva, o gerenciamento adequado dos recursos hídricos é essencial para a manutenção da qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: Recursos Hídricos; Abastecimento Humano; Cariré-Ce. ABSTRACTThe pnortheast region from Brazil has been subject of measures for more than a century in attempts to solve the problems lack of water in dry season. The state of Ceará has a good part of its territorial inserted in Brazilian semiarid, a region characterized by dry climate, short rains and high evapotranspiration. The water issue has existed for a long time, mainly in a sufficient access of quantity and quality to serve the population. Then, this article has as a central theme the water resources focusing on water supply of the Cariré localized at Northeast region from Ceará. Therefore the purpose of the paper is to present a study about how the Carire’s population has had access to potable water currently. The methodology adopted to this research consists of two stages: Firstly it was carried out a survey of bibliographical material and secondly it concerned the practical part carried out in the field trips. In accordance to United nations, water is a commom good and it has to be available to everyone, it is a human rights. In that sense, the proper management of water resources is essential to keep the quality of life.Key-words: Human supply; Water resources; Cariré – Ce. RÉSUMÉLa région du nord-est du Brésil est la cible de mesures prises par l’État depuis plus d’un siècle pour tenter de résoudre le problème de la pénurie d’eau en saison sèche. L’État du Ceará, en revanche, présente une bonne partie de son territoire inséré dans le semi-aride brésilien, région caractérisée par un climat sec, avec peu de pluies et une forte évapotranspiration. Le problème de l'eau existe depuis longtemps, principalement l'accès en quantité et qualité suffisantes pour satisfaire la population. Le travail actuel a pour thème central la question des ressources en eau, en mettant l'accent sur l'approvisionnement humain de la municipalité de Cariré, située dans la région nord-ouest du Ceará. Notre objectif est de présenter un aperçu de la façon dont la population carioca a actuellement accès à l’eau potable. La méthodologie adoptée comporte deux étapes: dans le premier, nous procédons à une enquête sur le matériel bibliographique et le second à la partie pratique réalisée lors des visites sur le terrain. Selon l'ONU, l'eau est un bien commun et doit être accessible à tous, c'est un droit humain. Dans cette perspective, la gestion adéquate des ressources en eau est essentielle au maintien de la qualité de la vie.Mots-clés: Ressources en eau; Approvisionnement humain; Cariré-Ce.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Milazzo ◽  
Francesco Spina

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify the human health impacts of soy-biodiesel production with the aim to discuss about its environmental sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The integrated use of two current approaches, risk assessment (RA) and life cycle assessment (LCA), has allowed improvement of the potentialities of both in obtaining a more complete analysis. The implementation of a life cycle indicator for the assessment of the impacts on the human health, integrating the features of both approaches, is the main focus of this paper. Findings – It has been found that, although the biodiesel is a green fuel, it has some criticalities in its life cycle, which cannot be disregarded. In fact, even if biodiesel is essentially a clean fuel there are some phases, prior to the industrial phase, that can cause negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Practical implications – Results suggest some measures which can be adopted to substantially reduce human health impacts. Further alternative could be analysed in future to gain more insight about the use of biodiesel fuels. Originality/value – The estimation of the impacts of a process producing biodiesel has been made by using a novel approach. The novelty is associated with the calculation of the impacts on human health by using the transfer factors applied in RA. The use of such factors, properly modified in order to estimate the impacts on a wider scale than a site-dimension, allows defining a holistic approach, as LCA and RA are used as complete units but at the same time can be related to each other.


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