The world’s first glyphosate-resistant case of Avena fatua L. and Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne and alternative herbicide options for their control

Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana (commonly known as wild oats) are the most problematic winter grass species in fallows and winter crops in the northeast region of Australia. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of glyphosate and alternative post-emergence herbicides on A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. This study reports the world’s first glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. The glyphosate dose required to kill 50% of the plants (LD50) and to reduce 50% of the biomass (GR50) for the GR biotype of A. fatua was 556 g a.e./ha and 351 g a.e./ha, respectively. These values for A. ludoviciana were 848 g a.e./ha and 289 g a.e./ha. Regardless of the growth stage (3–4 or 6–7 leaf stages), clethodim (120 g a.i./ha), haloxyfop (78 g a.i./ha), pinoxaden (20 g a.i./ha), and propaquizafop (30 g a.i./ha) were the best alternative herbicide options for the control of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. The efficacy of butroxydim (45 g a.i./ha), clodinafop (120 g a.i./ha), imazamox + imazapyr (36 g a.i./ha), and paraquat (600 g a.i./ha) reduced at the advanced growth stage. Glufosinate (750 g a.i./ha), flamprop (225 g a.i./ha), and pyroxsulam + halauxifen (20 g a.i./ha) did not provide effective control of Avena species. This study identified alternative herbicide options to manage GR biotypes of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana.

SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT AND BREASTFEEDING AT CHILDBIRTH: WOMEN’S DESIRES, EXPECTATIONS, AND EXPERIENCES

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze women’s desires, expectations and experiences regarding skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the first hour of life of their newborns. Methods: Qualitative research carried out in a teaching hospital in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The patients were followed longitudinally during prenatal care, at birth and during the puerperium. The participants were pregnant women during normal risk prenatal care, aged over 18 years old. Structured and semi-structured interviews were carried out in the prenatal period, participant observation at the time of delivery and new interviews in the puerperium. Content analysis was applied in the thematic modality. Results: 18 women between 21 and 38 years old were enrolled in the research. Women expressed the desire for skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding as immediate practices right after delivery and birth. However, many women did not believe it was possible, and the performance of routine procedures was considered the main obstacle. These expectations that skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding would not be carried out were confirmed in the experiences immediately after birth. Conclusions: The expectations and experiences brought by these women suggest a flaw that starts in prenatal care and implies difficulties in implementing the studied practices. Thus, the empowerment and participation of women can become an important tool in the humanization of birth.

PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING: ALTERNATIVE FOR MICROIRRIGATION IN THE MATA MINEIRA AREA

The objective of the research was to evaluate the uniformity of drip irrigation with photovoltaic pumping with and without storage in batteries. using normal and self-compensating emitters. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa. Minas Gerais. Brazil. Two drip irrigation systems were tested. one with self-compensating emitters and the other with normal emitters with a flow rate of 4 L h-1. The coefficients of uniformity of Cristiansen and distribution (CUC and CUD) were used to evaluate the performance of the irrigation systems. The volumes pumped by the autonomous system and stored in batteries throughout the year in all regions of the country were compared for the period from 02/01/2018 to 01/31/2019. a period that contemplates the data collection phase of the experiment. According to the results. the uniformity of the drip systems with and without energy storage. with emitters normal and self-compensating presented a coefficient between 93% and 97%. classified as excellent. The largest volumes pumped throughout the year for drip irrigation systems with normal and self-compensating emitters without batteries occurred in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Graphical analysis to determine the stability and adaptability of yield characteristics of dwarf cashew trees

The cashew culture provides jobs and boosts the economy of the Northeast region and is therefore of great socioeconomic importance. In genetic improvement programs, the existence of an interaction between genotypes and environments has been observed, making studies of adaptability and stability essential for effective selection. Thus, the objective was to study the performance of early dwarf cashew clones using the GGE Biplot in three agricultural years (2016–2018). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 25 treatments (clones) and three replications. The plot consisted of four plants spaced 8 × 8 m apart. The variables evaluated were nut yield throughout the harvest (PRC), average nut weight (PMC), and percentage of nuts pierced (PCF). The clones most characterized as ideotypes were T25, T14, T7, T8, T2, T10, T15, and T22 for PRC; T12, T1, and T16 for PMC; and T5, T24, T21, and T8 for PCF, with coincidence for T8 in PC and PCF. Clones with values above the general average, with emphasis on stability, were T14 and T2 for PRC; T12, T1, T16, T8, and T22 for PMC; and T5 and T22 for PCF. The years with test characteristics, that is, those with average environmental factors for all years, were 2016 for PRC and 2018 for PCF, with no test year for PMC; the every years were more discriminating to PCF, with the exception of 2016 for PRC.

The Construction of Insider - Outsider in Anglophone Writings from Northeast India

The works of three writers from northeast India, Temsula Aos These Hills Called Home , Mamang Dais Stupid Cupid and Anjum Hasans Lunatic in my Head that cover the problem of identity in relation to the insider - outsider politics in the region are examined. The northeast India is in many ways a miniature India because it houses people from various ethnicity and linguistic groups. However, much of the immigration took place after the East India Company annexed the northeast region starting from 1826. The extraction of the resources and subjugation of the people in this region by the colonisers and later by successive Indian governments has left an indelible mark of cultural imperialism triggering social haemorrhage. This changing position of the insider - outsider is not only a part of the political discourse but also the literature that is produced in this region. The analysis of the writings of Temsula Ao, Mamang Dai, and Anjum Hasan allows to look at the problem from two perspectives: the indigenous population experiencing anxiety and leading various violent campaigns to expel so-called outsiders, and the northeasterners facing similar racial prejudices when visiting mainland India and being subjected to derogatory racial slurs.

Human Papillomavirus 16 lineage D is associated with high risk of cervical cancer in the Brazilian Northeast region

BackgroundLike HPV types, different lineages also appear to have different carcinogenic capabilities. Studies have shown that oncogenic HPV specific to the genotype lineage is associated with different risks for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 / CIN3) and cervical cancer. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of HPV 16 genotype in cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/CIN3) and cervical cancer in women from the Northeast region of Brazil.Methods and ResultsA cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted in the Northeast region of Brazil from 2014 through 2016. In the sample, there were 196 cases of HPV-16 variant (59 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - CIN2/CIN3 and 137 cases of cervical cancer). Difference of proportion test was used to compare groups of CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer by viral lineage (p-value <0.05) in respect to HPV-16 lineage prevalence.The percentage of lineage frequencies by histopathological diagnosis showed a borderline difference of lineage A in the CIN2/CIN3 group compared to the cervical cancer group (p = 0.053). In relation to lineage D, the proportion was higher in cancer cases (32.8%) compared to the CIN2/CIN3 group (16.9%), p-value of 0.023.ConclusionsHPV16 lineage A was the most frequent in both CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer samples, while lineage D predominated in cervical cancer, suggesting a possible association of HPV-16 lineage D with cervical cancer.

Comprehensive Analyses of Twitter for Hurricane Irma

This study sheds new light on the sentiment analysis of Twitter for Hurricane Irma with respect to the US states and different periods based on comprehensive analyses. This study finds that tweets are highly related to Florida since the state is the most damaged state with respect to Hurricane Irma. This study also finds that people in other regions posted numerous tweets regarding praying for the people who are damaged by the hurricane and trying to assist in some disaster relief. Next, this study shows that the proportion of tweets is differentiated by periods and regions. In the pre-hurricane period, tweets are heavily concentrated in the South region. In the hurricane period, tweets are highly located in the Southeast and the Northeast regions. In the post-hurricane period, tweets are more posted in the Northeast region. Lastly, this study highlights that people upload numerous tweets including keywords related to regions, such as “Florida”, “Miami”, and keywords related to the hurricane, such as “safe”, “prepare”, and “evacuate”. People are also highly interested in the US president’s action to cope with the Hurricane Irma.

Older Adults’ Perceptions of Smart City Initiatives to Age in Community

This project explores older American adults’ perceptions of smart city initiatives for them to “age in community” particularly in the northeast region. As the U.S. population is aging, it is imperative that the American cities can support their citizens to live in their preferred community environments for as long as they want. While there are many definitions of a smart city, some exemplary smarty city initiatives can be characterized as actively utilizing information and sensor technologies to promote efficiency and sustainability of city-wide systems, ultimately enhancing the quality of citizens' life. This project examines, in particular, seven smart city initiatives that are implemented globally: smart streetlights, health and fall monitoring system, community ridesharing, enhanced CCTVs, “age-friendly map,” contact tracing app, and smart traffic system. By surveying those age 55 and older, with a representative sampling from the nine states in the northeast region, this project found that the vast majority of older Americans in this region would prefer to age in rural and suburban communities, and depending on where they prefer to age in (rural-exurban-suburban communities vs. urban-urban center communities) and gender (female vs. male), they perceive particular sets of smart city initiatives as more important for them to age in community. Furthermore, regardless of the community/location preference and demographic (gender, income level, and age) differences, 40% of the respondents expressed no concern of data or information privacy issues from these initiatives, opening some doors for the municipalities that plan to adopt some of these initiatives in the near future.

Digital Boundaries and Imaginaries of Khasi Ethnic Identity in Social Media

Identity is an integral aspect of human cognition and a composite of varied elements and subjectivities; it is fluidic and contextual. Identity discourses have dominated the socio-cultural and political milieu of Northeast India. A range of scholarship emanating from both within the Northeast region and outside has explored several identity dimensions. As the social media site Facebook allows for the formation of different kinds of interactional groups, this study explored a closed private Facebook group of twenty-five thousand members belonging exclusively to the Khasi ethnic community to understand the phenomenon of ascribing Khasi social identity among members in the online group. The study adopts Tajfel’s Social Identity framework and engages in a netnographic study on an online group. The study’s findings reveal a range of key symbolic manifestations in the co- constructions of Khasi identity in the online space. The study also discovers unique possibilities and affordances proliferated by social media in building collectivities, strengthening ethnic ties, and belongingness in the online space.