Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Welded ASTM A36 Structural Steel by Metal Active Gas (MAG) Welding Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Rosa Correa ◽  
Marcos Flavio de Campos ◽  
C.J. Marcelo ◽  
José Adilson de Castro ◽  
Maria Cindra Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Nondestructive Techniques ◽  
A36 Steel

The use of structural steel in the industry is increasing every day, and the study of stress state after welding has been shown to be of great importance. Nondestructive techniques become quite appropriate to be performed before and during the service component of welded, and thus ensure its integrity. The magnetic technique to be nondestructive, and easy to apply in the field, has potential to be an inspection tool for measuring residual stresses and other microstructural parameters. In this work it was possible to analyze the state of residual stresses through nondestructive techniques, Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and X-ray Diffraction, as well as the semi-destructive technique, high speed hole drilling method, and thereby determine the residual stresses in ASTM A36 steel plate welded by MAG (Metal Active Gas) process.

The Application of the Hole Drilling Method to Define the Residual Stress of Dissimilar Laser Welded Components

2007 ◽  
Vol 7-8 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Anawa ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Drilling Method

Dissimilar metal welds between Ferritic steel and Austenitic steel (F/A)are commonly used in power plants, food industry, pharmaceutical industry and many other applications. There are many issues/problems associated with the joining of dissimilar materials, depending on the materials being joined and the process selected. During the laser welding process, residual stresses are introduced by a rise in temperature during the melting or heating process followed by a very quick cooling of the weld and the surrounding material. In this study, CO2 continuous laser welding has been successfully applied for joining 316 stainless steel with AISI 1009 low carbon steel F/A. Design of Experiment techniques (DOE) has been used for some of the selected welding parameters (laser power, welding speed, and focus position) to model the dissimilar F/A joints in terms of its residual stresses. The Hole-Drilling Method technique was use for measuring the residual stress of dissimilar welded components. Taguchi approach for selected welding parameters was applied and the output response was the residual stresses. The results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-tonoise (S/N) ratios for the effective parameters combination.

Reduce the Residual Stress of Welded Structures by Post-Weld Vibration

2005 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Lin Rao ◽  
Zheng Qiang Zhu ◽  
Li Gong Chen ◽  
Chunzhen Ni
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Welded Structures ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Before And After

The existence of residual stresses caused by the welding process is an important reason of cracking and distortion in welded metal structures that may affect the fatigue life and dimensional stability significantly. Heat treatment is one of the traditional methods to relieve the residual stresses. But it is often limited by the manufacturing condition and the size of the structures. In this paper a procedure called vibratory stress relief (VSR) is discussed. VSR is a process to reduce and re-distribute the internal residual stresses of welded structures by means of post-weld mechanical vibration. The effectiveness of VSR on the residual stresses of welded structures, including the drums of hoist machine and thick stainless steel plate are investigated. Parameters of VSR procedure are described in the paper. Residual stresses on weld bead are measured before and after VSR treatment by hole-drilling method and about 30%~50% reduction of residual stresses are observed. The results show that VSR process can reduce the residual stress both middle carbon steel (Q345) and stainless steel (304L) welded structures effectively.

Residual Stress Measurements in an Autofrettage Tube Using Hole Drilling Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Jahed ◽  
Mohammad Reza Faritus ◽  
Zeinab Jahed
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Ring Sample ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
American Society

Relieved strains due to drilling hole in a ring sample cut from an autofrettage cylinder are measured. Measured strains are then transformed to residual stresses using calibration constants and mathematical relations of elasticity based on ASTM standard recommendations (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM E 837-08, 2008, “Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method,” American Society for Testing and Materials). The hydraulic autofrettage is pressurizing a closed-end long cylinder beyond its elastic limits and subsequently removing the pressure. In contrast to three-dimensional stress state in the autofrettage tube, the stress measurement in hole drilling method is performed on a traction free surface formed from cutting the ring sample. The process of cutting the ring sample from a long autofrettaged tube is simulated using finite element method (FEM) and the redistribution of the residual stress due to the cut is discussed. Hence, transformation of the hole drilling measurements on the ring slice to the autofrettage residual stresses is revealed. The residual stresses are also predicted by variable material properties (VMP) method (Jahed, H., and Dubey, R. N., 1997, “An Axisymmetric Method of Elastic-Plastic Analysis Capable of Predicting Residual Stress Field,” Trans. ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 119, pp. 264–273) using real loading and unloading behavior of the test material. Prediction results for residual hoop stress agree very well with the measurements. However, radial stress predictions are less than measured values particularly in the middle of the ring. To remove the discrepancy in radial residual stresses, the measured residual hoop stress that shows a self-balanced distribution was taken as the basis for calculating residual radial stresses using field equations of elasticity. The obtained residual stresses were improved a lot and were in good agreement with the VMP solution.

scholarly journals The Effect of Specimen Size on Residual Stresses in Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf Pfeiffer ◽  
Eduard Reisacher ◽  
Michael Windisch ◽  
Markus Kahnert
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Specimen Size ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling ◽  
Drilling Method

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a well-known technique which allows joining of metal parts without severe distortion. Because FSW involves less heat input relative to conventional welding, it may be assumed that cutting specimens from larger friction stir welded components results in a negligible redistribution of residual stresses. The aim of the investigations was to verify these assumptions for a welded aluminum plate and a circumferentially-welded aluminum cylinder. Strain gage measurements, X-ray diffraction and the incremental hole drilling method were used.

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