INSECT AND HOST ODORS IN THE AGGREGATION OF THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Vité ◽  
G. B. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Insect Pheromone ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Host Odor ◽  
Host Odors ◽  
Per Se

AbstractDendroctonus brevicomis Lec. responded in flight to combinations of insect- and host-produced volatiles. Emergent female beetles crushed at −70 °C, as well as synthetic exo-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6, 8-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (“brevicomin”) attracted both sexes of the western pine beetle when offered with oleoresin freshly tapped from the host, Pinus ponderosa Laws. Offered separately, these materials were inactive. Crushed emergent Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. males per se, however, attracted flying D. brevicomis in appreciable numbers. Dominance of either host odor or insect pheromone appeared to govern the sex ratio of the responding insects.

scholarly journals Nonhost Angiosperm Volatiles and Verbenone Protect Individual Ponderosa Pines from Attack by Western Pine Beetle and Red Turpentine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney ◽  
Stephen R. McKelvey ◽  
Dezene P.W. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Pine Beetle

Abstract Nonhost angiosperm volatiles (NAV) and verbenone were tested for their ability to protect individual ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws., from attack by western pine beetle (WPB), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). A combination of (−)-verbenone and eight NAVs [benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, guaiacol, nonanal, salicylaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol] (NAVV) significantly reduced the density of WPB attacks and WPB successful attacks on attractant-baited trees. A significantly higher percentage of pitchouts (unsuccessful WPB attacks) occurred on NAVV-treated trees during two of three sample dates. In addition, significantly fewer RTB attacks were observed on NAVV-treated trees during all sampling dates. The application of NAVV to individual ponderosa pines significantly reduced tree mortality, with only 4 of 30 attractant-baited trees dying from bark beetle attack while 50% mortality (15/30) was observed in the untreated, baited control. To our knowledge, this is the first report establishing the effectiveness of NAVs and verbenone for protecting individual ponderosa pines from WPB attack.

AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR OF DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL MESSENGERS

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Pitman ◽  
J. P. Vité
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Insect Pheromone ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Chemical Messengers

AbstractPopulations of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. aggregate on pine trees in response to a combination of host- and insect-produced volatiles. Release of the insect-generated volatiles by defecation coincides with the release of host volatiles as resin exudes from the galleries initiated by the female beetles. When tested with oleoresin under field conditions, synthetic trans-verbenol, the major insect pheromone, was highly attractive to both sexes of D. ponderosae. Also, emergent female Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec. and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. crushed to powder at −70 °C were attractive; emergent females of both species are known to contain large amounts of trans-verbenol. Trans-verbenol per se, however, was not attractive to walking or flying D. ponderosae.

Non-staining fungi associated with the bark beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on Pinus ponderosa

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
F. W. Cobb Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Three fungi—Ceratocystis nigrocarpa Davidson, an unidentified hyphomycete, and an unidentified basidiomycete—were isolated from extensive non-stained areas of sapwood of ponderosa pine infested with western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec., in California. The two unidentified fungi were also present in the thoracic mycangium of the female beetle while C. nigrocarpa was found only externally on the beetle. The mycangium and its contents are illustrated. Ceratocystis minor (Hedgc.) Hunt, which was also found externally on the beetle but not in the mycangium, was isolated only from scattered patches of blue-stained sapwood. It is suggested that non-staining fungi play a role in causing the death of ponderosa pine trees attacked by D. brevicomis.

A Comparison of Radiograph Analysis and Bark Dissection in Estimating Numbers of Western Pine Beetle

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. DeMars
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Radiographic Interpretation ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
Dissection Method

AbstractEstimates of the numbers of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, in Pinus ponderosa Laws, bark samples were made by radiographs of 25 bark samples and by dissection counts of the bark. High correlations (r = >.9) between the two methods were found for (a) live larvae, (b) live plus dead larvae, (c) live of all stages combined, and (d) live plus dead of all stages combined. The bark dissection method took eight times as long and was 4⅓ times as expensive as the radiographic interpretation method of estimating bark beetle numbers.

Antennal responses of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to stem volatiles of its primary host, Pinus ponderosa, and nine sympatric nonhost angiosperms and conifers

Chemoecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Shepherd ◽  
Dezene P. W. Huber ◽  
Steven J. Seybold ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Antennal Responses

scholarly journals Cryptic Species Discrimination in Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Based on Morphological Characters and Geometric Morphometrics

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Osiris Valerio-Mendoza ◽  
Jazmín García-Román ◽  
Moises Becerril ◽  
Francisco Armendáriz-Toledano ◽  
Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pine Beetle

The western pine beetle (WPB), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, is a major mortality agent of pines in North America. A total of 706 adults of WPB from 81 geographical sites were analyzed with traditional and geometric morphometric methods to evaluate the variation of discrete and quantitative morphological characters with particular attention to the antenna, spermatheca, and seminal rod. Principal coordinates and canonical variate analyses supported three geographical groups in WPB: (1) West, from British Columbia to southern California along the Pacific coast, Idaho, and Montana; (2) East-SMOC, including Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, and Durango; and (3) SMOR, including Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. The pubescence length on the elytral declivity was a robust character for separating West specimens from the other groups. Additionally, the genitalia shape both female and male in dorsal view was a reliable character for discriminating among groups. Based on these results, which agree with genetic and chemical ecology evidence, we herein reinstate Dendroctonus barberi Hopkins (East-SMOC group) and remove it from synonymy with D. brevicomis (West group). Differences in the spermatheca and seminal rod shape of SMOR specimens suggest that these populations might be a different species from D. barberi and D. brevicomis.

A Useful Secondary Sex Character in Dendroctonus Bark Beetles

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Abdominal Tergite ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Percent Accuracy

The sex of the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec.) and the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.) can be ascertained easily and with 100 percent accuracy by means of a secondary sex character on the seventh abdominal tergite of the male. This character can probably be used with equal accuracy to identify sex in all species of the genus Dendroctonus.The need to distinguish between the sexes of adult bark beetles often arises in studies of biology, behavior, or response. The sexing procedure is laborious when large numbers of beetles are involved and external markings of sex are not known. It is then necessary to dissect each beetle to check the genitalia. Dissection is impossible when iniury to the insect must be avoided.

Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest: bark beetle responses to differences in forest structure and the application of prescribed fire in interior ponderosa pineThis article is one of a selection of papers from the Special Forum on Ecological Studies in Interior Ponderosa Pine — First Findings from Blacks Mountain Interdisciplinary Research.

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Robert R. Borys ◽  
Stephen R. McKelvey ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
High Diversity

Mechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used tools in the restoration of fire-adapted forest ecosystems. However, few studies have explored their effects on subsequent amounts of bark beetle caused tree mortality in interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. var. ponderosa. In this study, we examined bark beetle responses to creation of midseral (low diversity) and late-seral stages (high diversity) and the application of prescribed fire on 12 experimental units ranging in size from 76 to 136 ha. A total of 9500 (5.0% of all trees) Pinus and Abies trees died 2 years after treatment of which 28.8% (2733 trees) was attributed to bark beetle colonization. No significant difference in the mean percentage of trees colonized by bark beetles was found between low diversity and high diversity. The application of prescribed fire resulted in significant increases in bark beetle caused tree mortality (all species) and for western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Ips spp., and fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, individually. Approximately 85.6% (2339 trees) of all bark beetle caused tree mortality occurred on burned split plots. The implications of these and other results to sustainable forest management are discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature effects on growth of fungal symbionts of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Dysthe ◽  
Ryan Bracewell ◽  
Diana L. Six
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle
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