INSECT DEVELOPMENTAL INHIBITORS: EFFECT OF REDUCTION AND DELAY CAUSED BY JUVENILE HORMONE MIMICS ON THE PRODUCTION OF WINGED MIGRANTS OF MYZUS PERSICAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON PEACH TREES

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Mimics

AbstractInsect developmental inhibitors applied to colonies of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), on peach trees in early May reduced the production of winged migrants as much as 75% and delayed migration for as long as 15 days. However, these compounds affected mainly the alatoid nymphs and not the reproductive adults; therefore, apterous aphids would be available as prey to the natural enemies that are present on peach trees in the spring. A reduction in the number of aphid migrants and a delay in their migration from peach trees would result in a subsequent reduction in the number of aphids produced on diseased secondary hosts and a delay in the migration of these aphids to host crops. In most cases, this would result in an increase in yield and an economic gain to the growers.

scholarly journals The effects of insecticide seed treatments on green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) parasitism by Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and predation by Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Ward ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Maarten Van Helden ◽  
Paul A. Umina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Chemical Groups

AbstractThe green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of Brassica L. species in Australia, where it can transmit >100 viruses. Globally, this species has evolved resistance to 74 insecticides from numerous chemical groups. Although Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies are being implemented, chemical treatment remains the predominant method used to control aphids. Insecticide seed treatments are viewed as a softer alternative to chemical sprays and are widely used in Australian canola fields. The effects of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and a mixture of thiamethoxam & lambda-cyhalothrin canola seed treatments were investigated on the parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and the predator, the green lacewing Mallada signatus (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); both important natural enemies of M. persicae. The number of mummies formed by A. colemani on the untreated plants was lower than those formed on the thiamethoxam & lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid treated plants. The number of A. colemani reared from mummies on thiamethoxam & lambda-cyhalothrin plants was higher than those reared from thiamethoxam and untreated plants. Significant effects of insecticide seed treatments were only noted for mummies produced while the parent parasitoids were on the plants, not for those mummies produced after their removal. This suggests seed treatment effects were immediate but not long lasting. Based on cumulative parasitoid survival days for two generations, A. colemani exposed to thiamethoxam & lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid treatments had a greater fitness than those exposed to the thiamethoxam and untreated controls, possibly due to the phenomenon of insecticide hormoligosis. Despite the treatment effects observed, we did not detect any behavioural differences in M. persicae or A. colemani. Mallada signatus were not negatively affected by feeding on M. persicae on insecticide seed treated plants, suggesting they are more tolerant of seed treatments than A. colemani. The findings from this study provide a useful platform for further experimentation on the effects of seed treatments on natural enemies of M. persicae.

scholarly journals Effects of Prey Distribution and Heterospecific Interactions on the Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis and Aphidius gifuensis to Myzus persicae

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Xing-Lin Yu ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Peng-Liang Xia ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Prey Distribution ◽  
Aphidius Gifuensis ◽  
Uniform Treatment

Natural enemy guilds normally forage for prey that is patchily distributed simultaneously. Previous studies have investigated the influence of conspecific interactions and prey distribution on the functional response of natural enemies. However, little is known about how prey distribution and heterospecific interactions between natural enemies could affect their foraging efficiency. We examined the effects of prey distribution (aggregate and uniform) and heterospecific interactions on the functional response of a predator, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and a parasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Type II functional responses were observed in all experiments. Functional response curves of single H. axyridis or A. gifuensis were higher in the aggregate treatment than in the uniform treatment when aphid densities were between 40–180 or 70–170, respectively. When comparing between aggregate and uniform treatments with the heterospecific enemy occurrence, no differences were found in the parasitism efficiency of A. gifuensis, while H. axyridis consumed more aphids in the aggregate treatment than in the uniform treatment when aphid densities were between 50–230. The functional response of individual H. axyridis was not affected by A. gifuensis under two aphid distributions. However, the functional response of a single A. gifuensis and the treatment when A. gifuensis concurrently with H. axyridis overlapped in uniform treatment of above approximately 150 aphids. Our results indicate that the predation rate of H. axyridis was affected by aphid distribution, but was not affected by heterospecific interactions. The parasitism rate of A. gifuensis was affected by aphid distribution, and by heterospecific interactions in both the aggregate and uniform treatments. Thus, to optimize the management efficiency of M. persicae, the combined use of H. axyridis and A. gifuensis should be considered when M. persicae is nearly uniformly distributed under relatively high density.

Green peach aphid and potato leafroll virus: transmission and control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Bagrov ◽  
◽  
V.I. Leunov
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Tuber Necrosis ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
And Control

The mechanisms of transmission of potato viruses from plants to aphid vectors and from aphids to uninfected plants are described, including the example of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, GPA). Factors affecting the spreading of tuber necrosis and its manifestation on plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are discussed. Recommendations for PLRV and GPA control in the field are given.

Insect juvenile hormone mimics: A structural basis for gonadotropic activity in a cockroach and a moth

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sroka ◽  
Robert H. Barth ◽  
Lawrence I. Gilbert ◽  
Gerardus B. Staal
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Gonadotropic Activity ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Mimics
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