FECUNDITY, LONGEVITY, AND SEX RATIO OF APHIDIUS NIGRIPES (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) PARASITIZING DIFFERENT STAGES OF ITS HOST, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Cloutier ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil ◽  
Jacques Regnière
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Female Parasite ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Nigripes ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Female Longevity

AbstractThe longevity and age specific fecundity, as well as the sex ratio of the progeny, were obtained for Aphidius nigripes Ashmead females given access to the five developmental stages of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). Neither female longevity nor fecundity, as measured by the total number of aphids parasitized, were significantly different for the various host stages. The percentage of females in the progeny decreased as the female parasite aged, and the overall sex ratio of progeny was significantly affected by the host stage attacked although no direct relationship with host size was evident. However in a separate experiment where parasitism was controlled (females not permitted to attack more than 10 hosts per day), the host stage (size) significantly affected the sex ratio of progeny, with more females emerging from larger than smaller hosts.These data indicate that all developmental stages of M. euphorbiae, when presented separately, are suitable to A. nigripes.

Host discrimination in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius nigripes

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Cloutier ◽  
Lothar A. Dohse ◽  
France Bauduin
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Host Discrimination ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Nigripes ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Increasing Function

Females of the solitary aphid parasitoid Aphidius nigripes do not consistently avoid superparasitizing their hosts, the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Tests were conducted in which two attacks separated by a time interval ranging from 1 to 24 h were allowed per host. No evidence of host discrimination was found when the interval was <2 h. For longer intervals, host discrimination was an increasing function of the length of the interval up to 24 h after the initial attack. Various mathematical models, permitting time-related rejection of parasitized hosts, were used to simulate the parasitoids–host distributions following two attacks. The best fitting models also had to incorporate time-dependent discrimination against hosts that had been attacked but not successfully parasitized. The results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of host discrimination in A. nigripes and its significance in intraspecific competition.

Development, Survival, and Fecundity of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), at Constant Temperatures

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Life-history and development of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) have been studied by Smith (1919), Patch (1925), and MacGillivray and Anderson (1958). In most of these studies, considerable variation in temperature was experienced. The effects of different constant temperatures have never been reported. The following experiments were conducted to determine the influence of temperature on development, survival, and fecundity of M. euphorbiae under closely controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Occurence and biological aspects of the clitoria tree psyllid in Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Guedes Corrêa Gondim Junior ◽  
Reginaldo Barros ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Geraldo José Nascimento de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Biological Aspects

Clitoria fairchildiana (Howard) is a tree largely distributed in Brazil, used for urban arborization. In April 2001, the psyllid Euphalerus clitoriae Burckhardt & Guajará was reported on this plant in the metropolitan areas of Recife, PE, Brazil. This report records the occurrence of E. clitoriae and studies some of its biological aspects in this area. With this purpose, C. fairchildiana leaves were sampled weekly, and E. clitoriae nymphs as well as Aprostocetus sp. larvae and nymphs were collected and counted. The E. clitoriae population ranged from 2 to 90 nymphs per leaflet. The Aprostocetus sp. percentage of parasitism ranged from 3 to 24%. The frequency curve for pygidium width ranged from 120 to 140; 200 to 240; 300 to 380; 460 to 580, and 720 to 820 mm for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth instars, respectively. The incubation period for E. clitoriae eggs lasted 7.6 days. The nymphal stage lasted 5.7; 4.5; 4.8; 5.0, and 6.1 days for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth instars, respectively. Development time from egg to adult was 33.7 days. Female longevity 8.6 days, with a daily fecundity of 118 eggs. The total viability of the immature stage was 74%, and the sex ratio was 0.5.

scholarly journals Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Jane Karley ◽  
Matthew Emslie-Smith ◽  
Alison Elizabeth Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid

BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF IMIDACLOPRID, A NEW NICOTINYL INSECTICIDE, ON THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (THOMAS) (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boiteau ◽  
W.P.L. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Potato Aphids ◽  
Probing Behaviour ◽  
Flight Propensity ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractAdult potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), caged on potato terminal leaflets treated systemically with imidacloprid solutions ranging between 5.4 × 10−4 and 5.4 × 10−8 mL per mL water showed a significant reduction in the distance they travelled, time taken to travel a given distance, and flight propensity but no significant differences in the frequency or duration of short probing behaviour. The frequency of adult apterous potato aphids colonizing untreated potato leaflets or leaflets treated with an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−4 mL per mL water) was not significantly different, indicating no repellency. Potato aphids moving from systemically treated to untreated leaflets did not recover much and their reduced walking ability was maintained for days. A 3-day exposure to vapour from an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−4 mL per mL water) did not produce significant mortality or changes in nymphal production. The daily cumulative mortality obtained by caging potato aphids on potato leaflets placed in an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−7 mL per mL water) was similar to that obtained in the field, on 20-day-old plants treated at planting with imidacloprid applied at 0.02 g Ai/m. None of the rates of imidacloprid tested stimulated the dispersal of apterous or alate potato aphids.

Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 3008-3011
Author(s):  
J. Howard Frank ◽  
J. Howard Frank ◽  
Michael C. Thomas ◽  
Allan A. Yousten ◽  
F. William Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid

scholarly journals Comparing Different Larval Food Sources and Temperature Regimes for the Rearing of Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus Complex Midges, the Predominant Bluetongue, and Schmallenberg Virus Vectors in Northern Europe

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sohier ◽  
Severine Matthijs ◽  
Nick De Regge
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Culicoides Obsoletus ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

During the last decade, Europe was confronted with the emergence of two Culicoides-borne viruses, bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus. Both diseases caused economic losses in cattle, sheep, and goats. Despite their importance, only limited knowledge is available on the developmental stages of Culicoides obsoletus complex midges, and a lab-reared colony has not yet been established. Therefore, this experimental study aims to compare the emergence patterns from field-collected C. obsoletus complex from egg to adult that were exposed to different combinations of temperature and larval substrates (T1: 1% liquid broth (LB) agar at 24 °C; T2: 1% LB agar with dung patches at 24 °C; T3: 1% LB agar at 28 °C). The rearing dishes were kept in an environmental chamber under an 8 h/16 h dark–light regime and 80%–85% humidity. Algae and nematodes were provided as a food source. The average period required to develop from egg to adult was 24 days and varied strongly in each of the conditions (T1: 15–47 days; T2: 14–35 days; T3: 20–37 days). A bias of sex ratio was observed towards the production of males in all three treatments with only 23.9% (T1), 23.5% (T2), and 0% (T3) females. Larval mortality was highest in T3 (25.9%), followed by T2 (8.6%), and T1 (1.8%). All pupae produced adults within 1 to 10 days, and the emergence rates for pupae varied strongly between treatments: 49.5% (T1), 71.6% (T2), and 38.5% (T3). This study shows that the C. obsoletus complex can be reared under laboratory conditions from blood-fed, wild-caught females to emerged progeny. More larval substrates and food sources should be tested with the aim of obtaining a 1:1 sex ratio to bring us one step closer to a viable lab-reared colony.

scholarly journals Expression of α-DIOXYGENASE 1 in Tomato and Arabidopsis Contributes to Plant Defenses Against Aphids

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Avila ◽  
Lirio Milenka Arevalo-Soliz ◽  
Argelia Lorence ◽  
Fiona L. Goggin
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Plant α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) are fatty acid–hydroperoxidases that contribute to the synthesis of oxylipins, a diverse group of compounds primarily generated through oxidation of linoleic (LA) and linolenic acid (LNA). Oxylipins are implicated in plant signaling against biotic and abiotic stresses. We report here that the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) induces Slα-DOX1 but not Slα-DOX2 expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Slα-DOX1 upregulation by aphids does not require either jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, since tomato mutants deficient in JA (spr2, acx1) or SA accumulation (NahG) still show Slα-DOX1 induction. Virus-induced gene silencing of Slα-DOX1 enhanced aphid population growth in wild-type (WT) plants, revealing that Slα-DOX1 contributes to basal resistance to aphids. Moreover, an even higher percent increase in aphid numbers occurred when Slα-DOX1 was silenced in spr2, a mutant line characterized by elevated LA levels, decreased LNA, and enhanced aphid resistance as compared with WT. These results suggest that aphid reproduction is influenced by oxylipins synthesized from LA by Slα-DOX1. In agreement with our experiments in tomato, two independent α-dox1 T-DNA insertion mutant lines in Arabidopsis thaliana also showed increased susceptibility to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), indicating that the role α-DOX is conserved in other plant-aphid interactions.

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