scholarly journals Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Jane Karley ◽  
Matthew Emslie-Smith ◽  
Alison Elizabeth Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid

Development, Survival, and Fecundity of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), at Constant Temperatures

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Life-history and development of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) have been studied by Smith (1919), Patch (1925), and MacGillivray and Anderson (1958). In most of these studies, considerable variation in temperature was experienced. The effects of different constant temperatures have never been reported. The following experiments were conducted to determine the influence of temperature on development, survival, and fecundity of M. euphorbiae under closely controlled conditions.

BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF IMIDACLOPRID, A NEW NICOTINYL INSECTICIDE, ON THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (THOMAS) (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boiteau ◽  
W.P.L. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Potato Aphids ◽  
Probing Behaviour ◽  
Flight Propensity ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractAdult potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), caged on potato terminal leaflets treated systemically with imidacloprid solutions ranging between 5.4 × 10−4 and 5.4 × 10−8 mL per mL water showed a significant reduction in the distance they travelled, time taken to travel a given distance, and flight propensity but no significant differences in the frequency or duration of short probing behaviour. The frequency of adult apterous potato aphids colonizing untreated potato leaflets or leaflets treated with an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−4 mL per mL water) was not significantly different, indicating no repellency. Potato aphids moving from systemically treated to untreated leaflets did not recover much and their reduced walking ability was maintained for days. A 3-day exposure to vapour from an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−4 mL per mL water) did not produce significant mortality or changes in nymphal production. The daily cumulative mortality obtained by caging potato aphids on potato leaflets placed in an imidacloprid solution (5.4 × 10−7 mL per mL water) was similar to that obtained in the field, on 20-day-old plants treated at planting with imidacloprid applied at 0.02 g Ai/m. None of the rates of imidacloprid tested stimulated the dispersal of apterous or alate potato aphids.

Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 3008-3011
Author(s):  
J. Howard Frank ◽  
J. Howard Frank ◽  
Michael C. Thomas ◽  
Allan A. Yousten ◽  
F. William Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid

scholarly journals Expression of α-DIOXYGENASE 1 in Tomato and Arabidopsis Contributes to Plant Defenses Against Aphids

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Avila ◽  
Lirio Milenka Arevalo-Soliz ◽  
Argelia Lorence ◽  
Fiona L. Goggin
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Plant α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) are fatty acid–hydroperoxidases that contribute to the synthesis of oxylipins, a diverse group of compounds primarily generated through oxidation of linoleic (LA) and linolenic acid (LNA). Oxylipins are implicated in plant signaling against biotic and abiotic stresses. We report here that the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) induces Slα-DOX1 but not Slα-DOX2 expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Slα-DOX1 upregulation by aphids does not require either jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, since tomato mutants deficient in JA (spr2, acx1) or SA accumulation (NahG) still show Slα-DOX1 induction. Virus-induced gene silencing of Slα-DOX1 enhanced aphid population growth in wild-type (WT) plants, revealing that Slα-DOX1 contributes to basal resistance to aphids. Moreover, an even higher percent increase in aphid numbers occurred when Slα-DOX1 was silenced in spr2, a mutant line characterized by elevated LA levels, decreased LNA, and enhanced aphid resistance as compared with WT. These results suggest that aphid reproduction is influenced by oxylipins synthesized from LA by Slα-DOX1. In agreement with our experiments in tomato, two independent α-dox1 T-DNA insertion mutant lines in Arabidopsis thaliana also showed increased susceptibility to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), indicating that the role α-DOX is conserved in other plant-aphid interactions.

FECUNDITY, LONGEVITY, AND SEX RATIO OF APHIDIUS NIGRIPES (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) PARASITIZING DIFFERENT STAGES OF ITS HOST, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Cloutier ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil ◽  
Jacques Regnière
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Female Parasite ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Nigripes ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Female Longevity

AbstractThe longevity and age specific fecundity, as well as the sex ratio of the progeny, were obtained for Aphidius nigripes Ashmead females given access to the five developmental stages of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). Neither female longevity nor fecundity, as measured by the total number of aphids parasitized, were significantly different for the various host stages. The percentage of females in the progeny decreased as the female parasite aged, and the overall sex ratio of progeny was significantly affected by the host stage attacked although no direct relationship with host size was evident. However in a separate experiment where parasitism was controlled (females not permitted to attack more than 10 hosts per day), the host stage (size) significantly affected the sex ratio of progeny, with more females emerging from larger than smaller hosts.These data indicate that all developmental stages of M. euphorbiae, when presented separately, are suitable to A. nigripes.

Comparison of Foliar and Soil-Drench Applications of Aqueous Rubidium Chloride Solutions to Plants for Marking Feeding Aphids (Homoptera: Aphidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Guillebeau ◽  
J. N. All ◽  
F. W. Nutter ◽  
C. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Rubidium Chloride ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Aqueous solutions of rubidium chloride, RbCl, (10 g/1, 10,000 ppm) were applied to foliage or soil of potted bell pepper and tomato. After 48 h, green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) were transferred to pepper and tomato, respectively. Leaf and aphid samples were collected after 6 d; remaining aphids were transferred to untreated plants. Aphid samples were collected periodically for 5 to 7 d. All samples were analyzed for Rb content. Results were similar for the pepper and tomato experiments. Soil-drench treatment produced significantly greater levels of Rb in leaf and initial aphid samples relative to foliar treatment. Levels of Rb in aphids from the two treatments were comparable after aphids fed on untreated plants for 24 h. Levels of Rb in aphids declined rapidly after removal from the source: undetectable by Day 6 in the potato experiment and reduced by nearly 90% by Day 5 in the tomato experiment. Foliar application of RbCl solution should be used in field situations. Application is more precise, and the length of detection is comparable with soil drench. Additionally, soil drenching with Rb produced an initially high peak of Rb in the aphids, which may have a physiological effect.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of the Mi-1.2 Gene from Tomato Confers Resistance Against Nematodes but Not Aphids in Eggplant

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Goggin ◽  
Lingling Jia ◽  
Gowri Shah ◽  
Stephanie Hebert ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Mi-1.2 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class of plant resistance genes, and confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Mi-1.2 mediates a rapid local defensive response at the site of infection, although the signaling and defensive pathways required for resistance are largely unknown. In this study, eggplant (S. melongena) was transformed with Mi-1.2 to determine whether this gene can function in a genetic background other than tomato. Eggplants that carried Mi-1.2 displayed resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica but were fully susceptible to the potato aphid, whereas a susceptible tomato line transformed with the same transgene was resistant to nematodes and aphids. This study shows that Mi-1.2 can confer nematode resistance in another Solanaceous species. It also indicates that the requirements for Mi-mediated aphid and nematode resistance differ. Potentially, aphid resistance requires additional genes that are not conserved between tomato and eggplant.

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