THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

Response of loblolly pine to different inoculum doses of Ceratocystis minor, a blue-stain fungus associated with Dendroctonus frontalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Inducible Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Infection and invasion by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and its associated fungi stimulate the inducible defense system of loblolly pine and result in production of a hypersensitive-like lesion around the affected tissue. The length of the lesion stimulated by inoculation is not related to the amount of inoculum introduced into the tree, even with an eightfold difference. The extent of the response is greater with large inoculum doses, but that is likely to be a function of initial inoculation wound size.

INCIDENCE OF THE PINEWOOD NEMATODE1 IN A SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE2 INFESTATION IN CENTRAL LOUISIANA

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A large infestation of southern pine beetle, (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), located in central Louisiana, was surveyed for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle. Pinewood nematodes were present in 4.2 percent of 94 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by D. frontalis and were absent from 101 unattacked trees that surrounded the infestation. Monthly sampling of this infestation revealed an increase in the incidence of nematodes as the season progressed. Samples taken from different heights on beetle infested-boles did not differ significantly in the presence of nematodes.

Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Friedenberg ◽  
Brenda M. Whited ◽  
Daniel H. Slone ◽  
Sharon J. Martinson ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380–1273 km2) sustained 3–18 times more local infestations and 3–116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D. frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present.

THE EFFECT OF THE FUNGI CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT, CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT VAR. BARRASII TAYLOR, AND SJB 122 ON REPRODUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldhammer ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, was studied in the laboratory to determine the influence of associated fungi on its reproduction. First-generation (P) surface-sterilized beetles associated with mycangial fungi (Ceratocystis minor [Hedgecock] Hunt var. barrasii Taylor or SJB 122) constructed more galleries and laid more eggs, at faster rates, than P beetles not associated with these mycangial fungi. No significant differences occurred among non-surface-sterilized P beetles associated with the phoretic blue staining fungus Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt and mycangial fungi or among progeny of P beetles (F1 generation) carrying mycangial fungi. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles produced more eggs at a greater density than non-surface-sterilized beetles associated with blue stain, but gallery length and the rate of construction were not different. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles laid more eggs and constructed galleries faster than surface-sterilized beetles that carried no mycangial fungi. The re-emergence rate of beetles was fastest for P beetles associated with C. minor and significantly slower for fungus-free P beetles, P beetles carrying only mycangial fungi, and F1 beetles, respectively. The F1 generation emerged fastest when associated with both mycangial fungi and slowest when associated with SJB 122, and C. minor var. barrasii or no fungus, respectively. This study employed a successful new rearing technique for isolating specific southern pine beetle/fungal associations.

WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PUPAE OF THANASIMUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell F. Mizell ◽  
T. Evan Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractRegression models of the form lnY = b0 + b1ln(X−c) + b2X are presented that describe the within-tree distribution of the pupae of Thanasimus dubius (F.), a clerid predator of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. More T. dubius pupae/100 cm2 of bark area were found in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., than in shortleaf pine, P. echinata Miller, and the number increased with increasing tree diameter class. Peak densities were found at a height of 1–4 m.

The role of oleoresin flow in the induced response of loblolly pine to a southern pine beetle associated fungus

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Tisdale ◽  
T Evan Nebeker ◽  
John D Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Induced Reaction

The influence of total resin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on initial inoculation of the blue stain fungus Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., a fungal associate of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera:Scolytidae)), was investigated. Resin flow of trees was mechanically manipulated so that it followed the same pattern of decrease and near cessation as seen in trees successfully attacked by southern pine beetle. There were also intermediate treatments where resin flow was allowed to recover. The fungus was inoculated into holes drilled to the xylem surface and allowed to grow for a specified time period. The lesion that formed as a result of the induced reaction was then measured and compared with lesions formed in trees for which resin flow was not manipulated. The experiment was conducted three times in 1993 and 1994 and twice in 1995. It was hypothesized that with decreased resin flow, O. minus would be less inhibited and that growth would be greater before being stopped by the induced reaction. It was found that longer lesions occurred in trees where wounding was prolonged and resin flow was decreased below that of control trees. Mixed results were obtained for trees in intermediate wounding treatments.Key words: oleoresin, blue stain fungus, defenses, bark beetles, induced reaction, Dendroctonus.

CHANGES IN THE SEX RATIO OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON PINUS TAEDA DURING THE ATTACK PROCESS

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1317-1318
Author(s):  
Barry G. Hynum
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Attack Process

In studies of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., one of the theories about the mechanism of attack is a shift in sex ratio from 100% to 25% females (Renwick and Vité 1970). This paper reports a test of this theory using trees that were naturally infested.Thirty-one naturally infested loblolly pine trees were observed in July 1978, near Cut-and-Shoot, 19 km east of Conroe, Montgomery County, Texas. A 0.66 m quadrat was marked off on the bole of each tree at heights of 3 m and 3.66 m. Gallery starts in the quadrat were counted and marked every 24 h on each tree. The quadrat was reduced to a 0.33 m section on the bole at heights of 3.33 to 3.66 m on a tree after the attack density reached 1 gallery/100 cm2 and to a 0.16 m section at heights of 3.50 and 3.66 m on the bole after the attack density reached 2 gallerys/100 cm2; this facilitated timely counting and stabilized error due to observer fatigue.

Loblolly Pine Stocking Levels affect Potential for Southern Pine Beetle Infestation

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Lorio
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract By comparison with any o several stocking standards, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands infested with southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana, were frequently overstocked. Stocking levels associated with reduced stand and tree growth and frequent intermittent water deficits also enhance successful southern pine beetle attack. Charts that help determine how well existing stocking meets management objectives are also useful for judging stand vulnerability to the southern pine beetle.

Role of Oleoresin Flow in Initial Colonization of Loblolly Pine by Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Tisdale ◽  
T. Evan Nebeker ◽  
John D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The influence of total resin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on initial colonization by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was investigated. Resin flow of trees was manipulated mechanically so that it followed the same pattern of decrease and near cessation as seen in trees successfully attacked by southern pine beetle. There were also intermediate treatments where resin flow was allowed to recover after near cessation. Beetles were introduced by means of mesh cages attached to the mid-bole of trees and left until the end of the longest wounding treatment. In trees where resin flow was reduced, significant increases in number of attacks, total gallery length, and length of gallery free of resin occurred.

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