Response of loblolly pine to different inoculum doses of Ceratocystis minor, a blue-stain fungus associated with Dendroctonus frontalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Inducible Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Infection and invasion by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and its associated fungi stimulate the inducible defense system of loblolly pine and result in production of a hypersensitive-like lesion around the affected tissue. The length of the lesion stimulated by inoculation is not related to the amount of inoculum introduced into the tree, even with an eightfold difference. The extent of the response is greater with large inoculum doses, but that is likely to be a function of initial inoculation wound size.

THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

THE EFFECT OF THE FUNGI CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT, CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT VAR. BARRASII TAYLOR, AND SJB 122 ON REPRODUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldhammer ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, was studied in the laboratory to determine the influence of associated fungi on its reproduction. First-generation (P) surface-sterilized beetles associated with mycangial fungi (Ceratocystis minor [Hedgecock] Hunt var. barrasii Taylor or SJB 122) constructed more galleries and laid more eggs, at faster rates, than P beetles not associated with these mycangial fungi. No significant differences occurred among non-surface-sterilized P beetles associated with the phoretic blue staining fungus Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt and mycangial fungi or among progeny of P beetles (F1 generation) carrying mycangial fungi. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles produced more eggs at a greater density than non-surface-sterilized beetles associated with blue stain, but gallery length and the rate of construction were not different. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles laid more eggs and constructed galleries faster than surface-sterilized beetles that carried no mycangial fungi. The re-emergence rate of beetles was fastest for P beetles associated with C. minor and significantly slower for fungus-free P beetles, P beetles carrying only mycangial fungi, and F1 beetles, respectively. The F1 generation emerged fastest when associated with both mycangial fungi and slowest when associated with SJB 122, and C. minor var. barrasii or no fungus, respectively. This study employed a successful new rearing technique for isolating specific southern pine beetle/fungal associations.

The role of oleoresin flow in the induced response of loblolly pine to a southern pine beetle associated fungus

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Tisdale ◽  
T Evan Nebeker ◽  
John D Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Induced Reaction

The influence of total resin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on initial inoculation of the blue stain fungus Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., a fungal associate of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera:Scolytidae)), was investigated. Resin flow of trees was mechanically manipulated so that it followed the same pattern of decrease and near cessation as seen in trees successfully attacked by southern pine beetle. There were also intermediate treatments where resin flow was allowed to recover. The fungus was inoculated into holes drilled to the xylem surface and allowed to grow for a specified time period. The lesion that formed as a result of the induced reaction was then measured and compared with lesions formed in trees for which resin flow was not manipulated. The experiment was conducted three times in 1993 and 1994 and twice in 1995. It was hypothesized that with decreased resin flow, O. minus would be less inhibited and that growth would be greater before being stopped by the induced reaction. It was found that longer lesions occurred in trees where wounding was prolonged and resin flow was decreased below that of control trees. Mixed results were obtained for trees in intermediate wounding treatments.Key words: oleoresin, blue stain fungus, defenses, bark beetles, induced reaction, Dendroctonus.

INCIDENCE OF THE PINEWOOD NEMATODE1 IN A SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE2 INFESTATION IN CENTRAL LOUISIANA

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A large infestation of southern pine beetle, (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), located in central Louisiana, was surveyed for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle. Pinewood nematodes were present in 4.2 percent of 94 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by D. frontalis and were absent from 101 unattacked trees that surrounded the infestation. Monthly sampling of this infestation revealed an increase in the incidence of nematodes as the season progressed. Samples taken from different heights on beetle infested-boles did not differ significantly in the presence of nematodes.

Toxicity of Carbaryl toward the Southern Pine Beetle in Filter Paper, Bark and Cut Bolt Bioassays

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhong ◽  
Felton L. Hastings ◽  
Fred P. Hain ◽  
Richard A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Filter Paper Assay

Loblolly pine bolts sprayed with 2% carbaryl (Sevimol® 40% A. I. Flowable) and 1% chlorpyrifos were exposed to southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Chlorpyrifos treatment effectively prevented attack by southern pine beetle; however, the bolts were not protected by 2% carbaryl. For the carbaryl-treated bolts, the number of egg niches and larval mines were significantly reduced. However, the number of adult beetles entering the host, the length of the parent galleries, the number of pupal chambers, brood adults, and emergence holes were not significantly (P = 0.05) different from untreated control bolts. A bark surface assay indicated that 2% carbaryl killed < 50% of the beetles at 24 h. Filter paper assay showed that the LC50 value was 0.07% and 0.01% at 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Friedenberg ◽  
Brenda M. Whited ◽  
Daniel H. Slone ◽  
Sharon J. Martinson ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380–1273 km2) sustained 3–18 times more local infestations and 3–116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D. frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present.

Forest composition following overstory mortality from southern pine beetle and associated treatmentsExperiment Station Project 06-08-109 of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Kentucky.

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Coleman ◽  
Stephen R. Clarke ◽  
James R. Meeker ◽  
L. K. Rieske
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Pine Beetle

Bark beetle caused mortality continues to play a critical role in determining the composition and structure of forests in North America, and revegetation dynamics following these disturbances are poorly understood. We assessed forest composition following southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, mortality and associated cut and leave suppression, and compared them with undisturbed loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., stands in Texas. Abundant hardwood regeneration dominated the understory, with little loblolly pine regeneration following either mortality event. Disturbances eliminated loblolly pine dominance in these even-aged stands, thus stratifying forest structure and apparently increasing stem density (stems·ha–1), richness (species·ha–1), and diversity (ha) in the lower strata. Aspect and elevation, presumably through influences on site moisture, were the primary gradients associated with vegetation variation in the canonical correspondence analyses for new regeneration. Mortality from Dendroctonus and cut and leave practices shifted loblolly pine communities to mixed upland hardwoods in model predictions generated by the southern variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator. In addition to being an effective bark beetle control, cut and leave suppression did not alter predicted forest composition 50 years hence when compared with unsuppressed bark beetle-caused mortality. Because of the predicted shift to hardwood domination and a low pine basal area, it is expected that mortality from D. frontalis and cut and leave will substantially reduce future hazards from D. frontalis outbreaks.

scholarly journals Which Trees and Stands are attacked by the Southern Pine Beetle?

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Zhang ◽  
Boris Zeide
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract An analysis of long-term observations from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations showed that the southern pine beetle, SPB (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann), kills a larger proportion of trees in dense stands. The presence of hardwood species diminishes damage, probably by hindering the dispersal of the SPB. It was also found that, in a given stand, mortality increases with tree size. On the other hand, the degree of damage was not related to age or mean diameter. For our plots, the annual probability that a loblolly pine tree would be killed by the beetle was 4.59 x 10-4. In the SPB infested stands, this probability increased 39 times (1.81 x 10-2. More precise estimates can be made using a prediction model driven by stand densities of pines and hardwoods, and the relative diameter of individual trees. South. J. Appl. For. 23(4):217-223.

Evaluation of Thinning for Reduction of Losses from Southern Pine Beetle Attack in Loblolly Pine Stands

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Harry L. Haney ◽  
James D. Newberry ◽  
William A. Leuschner ◽  
Caleb L. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Thinning has been recommended to lower stand basal areas in order to reduce losses from southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) attack. In this study, benefits of thinning loblolly pine stands for reduction of losses from southern pine beetle (SPB) attack were evaluated. Results showed that thinning can be expected to reduce losses from SPB attack on average and better sites. South. J. Appl. For. 10:105-108, May 1986.

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