A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE SPRUCE SEED MOTH, CYDIA STROBILELLA (L.), AND THE EFFECT OF LURE DOSAGE AND TRAP HEIGHT ON CAPTURE OF MALE MOTHS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Grant ◽  
W.H. Fogal ◽  
R.J. West ◽  
K.N. Slessor ◽  
G.E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Trap Height

AbstractElectroantennogram (EAG) responses from male Cydia strobilella (L.) indicated that (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) was the most stimulating of the dodecenyl and tetradecenyl compounds assayed. Field-screening tests, which included compounds previously reported as attractive, demonstrated that only E8-12:Ac was effective. The optimum trap dosage was 0.3–3 μg on red rubber septa. Catches of males were greater when traps were hung in the upper crown of either white spruce or black spruce.

A Sex Attractant for the Green Budworm Moth, Hedya nubiferana

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Frerot ◽  
Ernst Priesner ◽  
Martine Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Male Antenna ◽  
Female Pheromone ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Pheromone Blend

Abstract The two major components of the female pheromone blend of Hedya nubiferana have been identified as (E, E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate. Each compound acts on a specialist receptor type in olfactory hair sensilla of the male antenna. In field screening tests, combinations of the two compounds and dodecanyl acetate were highly attractive to H. nubiferana males. The (Z, E)-8,10 isomer attracted males of Hedya ochroleucana.

New Sex Attractants for Five Chamaesphecia Species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from the Ukraine and Turkmenistan

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Mozūraitis ◽  
Vincas Būda ◽  
Jan Metleuski
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The West ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
Moth Species

Abstract Field screening tests of (3Z,13Z)- and (3E,13Z)-octadecadienols, (2Z,13Z)-and (2E,13Z)-octadecadienols and their acetates as well as some binary mixtures of these compounds in dosages of 0.5 mg/dispenser were carried out in the Crimea, the Ukraine, and in the West Kopetdag mountains, Turkmenistan, in 1989-1993. New sex attractants for five clearwing moth species of the genus Chamaesphecia (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) were discovered. Males of Ch. chalciformis were attracted by a 1:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:OAc, Ch. schmidtiformis by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3Z,13Z-18:OH in the Ukraine as well as in the ratios 9:1 and 1:1 in Turkmenistan, Ch. mezentzevi by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and the corresponding alcohol, Ch. zimmermanni by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3.E,13Z-18:OH, and Ch. specia nova in Turkmenistan by a 1:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OAc. Two inhibitors, 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OAc, of the sex attractant were found for Ch. zimmermanni. The periods of attraction to the traps were registered for males of Ch. zimmermanni and Ch. specia nova and were found to occur at 1900-2100 and 1430-1700 local time, respectively. Males of Ch. chalciformis and Ch. schmidtiform is were attracted to the traps in the afternoon.

Nutrient supply and belowground interaction alter responses to CO2 elevation in black spruce and white spruce

2020 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 118271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Jacob Marfo ◽  
Fengguo Du ◽  
Md. Shah Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Co2 Elevation

Sex Attractants for Six Clearwing and Tineid Species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae and Tineidae) from Kazakhstan and Lithuania

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1120-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Karalius ◽  
Raimondas Mozūraitis ◽  
Jan Miatleuski ◽  
Vincas Būda ◽  
Povilas Ivinskis
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
Paranthrene Tabaniformis

Abstract Sex attractants for 3 Sesiidae and 3 Tineidae moth species in West-Kazakhstan and Lithua­nia were discovered by field screening tests of (3Z,13Z)-, (3E,13Z)-and (2E,13Z)-octadeca-dien-1-ols and their acetates as well as of some binary mixtures of these compounds. Total amount of chemicals was 0.3 mg/dispenser. Males of Synanthedon serica were attracted by a 5:5 mixture of 3E,13Z-18:OA c and 2E,13Z-18:OAc, Chamaesphecia bibioniformis by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3E,13Z-18:OAc, Paranthrene tabaniformis by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OH , Tinea nonimella by a 1:9 mixture of 3E,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:OH , Monopis monachella by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z -18:OH, and Nemaxera betulinella by a 9:1 mixture of 2E,13Z-18:OAc and the corresponding alcohol. The periods of attraction to the traps were registered for males of S. serica and Ch. bibioniformis and were found to occur at 15 - 18 and 1 5 -17 o'clock, local time, respectively.

Bud and crown architecture of white spruce and black spruce

Trees ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Colombo ◽  
Colin W. G. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Crown Architecture

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

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