Ecology of the Leaf-cutter Bee Megachile perihirta Ckll. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Relation to Production of Alfalfa Seed

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Flight Period ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Distribution Frequency

The relative importance as pollinators of alfalfa of each of the 14 species of Megachile that occur in southern Alberta has been assessed on the basis of Alberta distribution, frequency and abundance in mixed prairie, nesting habits, pollen preferences, and flight period; two ground-nesting species of the subgenus Xanthosarus Rob., Megachile perihirta Ckll. and M. dentitarsus Slad., were judged the principal pollinators (Hobbs and Lilly, 1954).

Alfalfa and Red Clover as Sources of Nectar and Pollen for Honey, Bumble, and Leaf-cutter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

The most important factor affecting the densities of pollinating species of bees on alfalfa seed fields in southern Alberta is competing flowering growth (Hobbs and Lilly, 1954, 1955). This is a report on the relative attractiveness of red clover and alfalfa to honey, bumble, and leaf-cutter bees in southern Alberta. Observations were made on the first crops grown in each of two newly cultivated and irrigated areas near Hays; the fields were isolated from all other entomophilous crops by at least five miles of virgin prairie. A third series of observations was made on crops grown in the isolated river valley near Lethbridge previously described by Hobbs and Lilly (1955).

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Seed Yield Loss Due to Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
G. Bruce Schaalje ◽  
Peter Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed yield and Canada thistle densities were measured in 10 fields in southern Alberta to assess the effect of thistles on seed yield. Thistle density and seed yield from each field were fitted to the Weibull, hyperbolic, and linear equations and a random coefficient and linear equation were used to obtain an “average yield loss curve”. Estimated average losses in alfalfa seed yield were >34% and >48% at thistle densities of 10 and 20 shoots m–2, respectively.

Biology of the Superb Plant Bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhl.) (Hemiptera: Miridae), in Southern Alberta

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Lilly ◽  
G. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Immature Seed ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

The superb plant bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhl.), is a serious pest in some alfalfa seed fields in southern Alberta. It feeds on the unopened bud clusters, causing them to whiten and die (bud-blasting). Under cages, it has also caused flower-drop, stunting of plants, and destruction of immature seed (Sorenson, 1954). When numerous it may prevent fields from producing enough bloom for the alfalfa pollinators in the vicinity, and in such numbers is of economic importance to the seed-growers. The number of bugs necessary for an economic population thus varies inversely with the pollinator population on the field.

scholarly journals Bee species (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in a Cerrado-Atlantic Forest ecotone: nesting habits related to foraging activity in a degraded forest fragment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e0900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pereira Polatto ◽  
Valter Vieira Alves Junior
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Africanized Honeybees ◽  
Forest Ecotone ◽  
Ground Nesting

The aim of this paper was to determine the species diversity and frequency of foraging performed by bees in fragment of degraded forest in a Cerrado-Atlantic Forest ecotone area, also considering the nesting habit of each species. The foraging frequency of each bee species in the main floral sources was recorded for 12 consecutive months. The nesting site was used to sort the bees into guilds: above-ground nesting bees, ground-nesting bees, and both below and above-ground nesting bees. The guild of ground-nesting bees had 24 species and accounted for 17.48 % of the foraging rate, while above-ground nesting bees were represented by 12 species which made 8.89 % of the foraging rate, and both below and above-ground nesting bees comprised five species which made 0.43 % of the foraging rate. Africanized honeybee performed 73.20 % of the foraging flight, and presented a broad food niche. Therefore, in the forest fragment studied, two types of impacts which make difficult the survival and maintenance of the native bee fauna were observed: the dominance over floral resources by the exotic species the Africanized honeybees; the small number of large trees.

Hymenopteran Pests: Families Sphecidae and Vespidae

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Digger Wasp ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Ground Nesting

This chapter studies bees and wasps in the families Sphecidae and Vespidae. Many ground-nesting bees and wasps become troublesome pests of turfgrass in much the same way that ants are a pest. Their nesting habits create mounds of soil as they bring subsoil to the surface in making their galleries and nests. One of the more prominent is the cicada killer, a large wasp with unusual habits. It produces major soil surface disruption while burrowing, in part because of its large size. This species is also called the sand hornet or golden digger wasp. Other bees and wasps, such as yellowjackets and hornets, do not damage turf directly but can be a nuisance by virtue of their aggressive behavior and ability to inflict painful stings.

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Interference and Control in Seed Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
G. Bruce Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Threshold Density ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
And Control

Alfalfa seed yield and quackgrass density were measured in seven irrigated fields in southern Alberta to assess the effect of quackgrass on seed yield. Six herbicides were tested to determine their effect on quackgrass growth and accompanying alfalfa seed yield. The effect of quackgrass on seed yield was adequately described by a hyperbolic model. Quackgrass densities of 50 and 100 heads per m2reduced seed yields by 56 and 74%, respectively. The economic threshold density was 3 quackgrass heads per m2. The most effective herbicide treatments, quizalofop and propaquizafop, resulted in good initial quackgrass suppression and yield increases similar to those predicted by the hyperbolic model.

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