Developing techniques for monitoring forest tent caterpillar populations using synthetic pheromones

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Christian Schmidt ◽  
Jens Roland
Keyword(s):  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractTo effectively monitor forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), populations using sex pheromone baited traps, we field-tested pheromone dispenser (lure) type, lure age, and trap design using (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal:(Z,Z)-5,7-dodecadienal (100:1). Rubber septa lures, polyurethane lures, and two trap types [sticky-type pheromone traps (Wing Trap I) and bucket-type pheromone traps (Universal Moth trap)] were evaluated. Traps baited with polyurethane lures produced higher trap catches and lower zero-catch frequencies than did rubber septa traps. There was no detectable difference in trap catch among polyurethane lures aged 0–28 days. Wing traps reached a functional saturation point in outbreak M. disstria populations and caught fewer moths than Universal traps in nonoutbreak populations. A nonsaturating trap such as the Universal trap in conjunction with the polyurethane lure should be effective for monitoring M. disstria populations.

Prevalence and biology of Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in populations of forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Filotas ◽  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
Richard A. Humber
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Marked Tendency

AbstractFuria gastropachaecomb. nov. (= Furia crustosa MacLeod et Tyrrell) has long been associated with declines in populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner; however, its prevalence and impact on host populations have never been documented. We clarify the nomenclature for this species, which has previously been called F. crustosa, and describe the morphology of F. gastropachae isolates from Maryland and New York. Epizootics of F. gastropachae were studied in M. disstria populations in New York and Maryland, United States of America. Prevalence (mean ± SE) of F. gastropachae in late fifth instar larvae in New York was 25.6 ± 7.8% compared with 22.2 ± 11.3% infection by virus and 23.3 ± 8.4% parasitism. In Maryland, F. gastropachae was not found in early instars and its incidence in fourth and fifth instars was 14.5 ± 7.3 and 21.6 ± 17.6%, respectively. Dipteran parasitoids were also important natural enemies with 38.3 ± 3.0 and 17.9 ± 1.4% parasitism in fourth and fifth instars, respectively. Virus was found in fewer than 5% of larvae collected. Furia gastropachae showed a marked tendency toward resting spore production in infected larvae, with 100% of larvae collected in New York and >80% of larvae collected in Maryland producing resting spores, either alone or in combination with conidia. The appearance of cadavers of larvae dying from fungal and viral infections was similar. Of 13 species of Lepidoptera exposed to F. gastropachae conidia in host-range bioassays, only 3.3% of Danaus plexippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), 5.6% of Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and 3.7% of Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) were successfully infected by this fungus.

The Light Reactions of Larvae of the Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., M. americanum (Fab.), and M. pluviale (Dyar). (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., and the eastern and western tent caterpillars, M. americanum (Fab.) and M. pluviale (Dyar), are common pests of several species of deciduous trees in Canada. All are colonial during the larval stage, but M. disstria differs from the others in one respect: it does not construct a communal tent. This difference in habit merits special consideration in any comparative study of larval behaviour, particularly in one concerned with the effects of physical factors upon the insects, since a tent modifies the effects of the physical environment considerably. Recently, a series of such studies was carried out, and one part of the work consisted of laboratory and field observations on the light reactions of larvae. The results obtained have raised a number of new questions which unfortunately cannot be answered now, hecause two of the species have been difficult to obtain in quantity since 1950. Nevertheless, the findings are presented here without additional delay, since they are of general interest, and other workers may wish to use them.

Identification and behavioral assays of the trail pheromone of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1511-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Fitzgerald ◽  
F. X. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Trail Pheromone ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Malacosoma Americanum ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
True Threshold ◽  
Behavioral Assays ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Behavioral assays show that the steroid 5β-cholestan-3-one, isolated from the abdomen of the larva of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), constitutes the chemical basis of trail following in this insect. Caterpillars follow artificial trails prepared from solvent dilutions of the compound at rates as low as 10−11 g∙mm−11 of trail, though the true threshold sensitivity is likely to be one or two orders of magnitude lower than this. Fourth-instar caterpillars store an average of 58 ng of the pheromone. Field and laboratory studies indicate that the compound is fully competitive with their authentic trails. The caterpillars are highly sensitive to differences in the concentration of the pheromone, preferring stronger trails to weaker trails. The caterpillars also respond to 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione, a chemical not found in M. disstria but known to be a component of the trail pheromone of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum.

CO2 and O3 effects on host plant preferences of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jep Agrell ◽  
Brian Kopper ◽  
Evan P. McDonald ◽  
Richard L. Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

INFECTION AND MORTALITY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, AND FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA, CAUSED BY NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractCytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses are, in general, more infectious to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), than the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses which affect these insects. The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses interfere with and retard development of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.Larvae of both insects, as they grow older, develop resistance to both viruses. Resistance develops more rapidly and to a greater degree against the nuclear polyhedrosis than against the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.The nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are more lethal than the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, and all larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses die except those infected so late in larval development that they are able to pupate. Most young larvae infected with the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus die or are seriously affected, but infection has progressively less effect as the larvae mature.

Reproductive responses of northern orioles to a changing food supply

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Nesting Density ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The response of the northern oriole (Icterus galbula) to an outbreak of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) on the Delta Beach Ridge, Manitoba, was studied. Orioles responded in 1976 to the increased food supply by feeding on all life stages of the insect and by feeding late instar larvae and pupae to their young. The nesting density doubled in 1977, the 2nd year of the 2-year outbreak, but the caterpillar larvae died off before the orioles' chick-rearing period. The 1978 breeding density was back down to the level of 1976. Clutch sizes and body weights did not change despite the increase and eventual reduction in both food abundance and nesting density. Productivity was lower, and hatching failure and nestling death were higher, at the higher nesting density.

Recapture of Sugarcane Borer (Diatraea saccharalis (F)) Males Released at Different Distances from Pheromone-Baited Traps

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-342
Author(s):  
Rafael Pérez Pérez ◽  
S. D. Hensley
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Arthropod Predation

Stikem-coated traps constructed from 5-gallon plastic cans and baited with virgin females of Diatraea saccharalis (F.) were more effective in recapture of males than comparable wire traps. Percent recapture for males released at 120 feet, 180 feet, and 220 feet from traps baited with virgin females were 18.6, 23.0 and 24.3 percent, respectively. Higher numbers were recaptured when males were released upwind from pheromone traps than when releases were made downwind, thus indicating that the male response to the pheromone may be through chemical olfactory receptors. Cool temperatures, arthropod predation and poor trap design can be responsible factors for inefficient recapture of released males.

EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS AND PHEROMONE LURE CONCENTRATIONS FOR MONITORING BLUEBERRY LEAFTIER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Polavarapu ◽  
William D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cream ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Concentration ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractSix pheromone trap designs, including five high-capacily and a sticky trap, and four PVC lure concentrations of pheromone were evaluated for monitoring blueberry leaftier populations in six blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Larval densities and subsequent male moth catches in the same year for all the trap designs evaluated, except double funnel traps, were highly correlated. Multipher III traps captured the highest number of moths, followed by Unitraps and double funnel traps. The ice cream container trap captured significantly fewer moths than any other trap design. At most locations, the first moth was caught on the same day in all the trap designs except the ice cream container trap. Trap catches increased with increasing pheromone concentration up to 0.03% dose. Traps baited with 0.3% lures captured significantly fewer moths than those with 0.003% or 0.03%. Based on mean trap catches, R2 values, coefficients of variation among traps, trap efficiency, and lure evaluations, the Unitraps baited with 0.003% lures are selected for further development of a population monitoring system for blueberry leaftier moths. The Multipher III traps baited with 0.03% lures captured up to 44 000 male moths (mean per trap per season) at high densities, demonstrating their potential in mass trapping blueberry leaftiers.

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