scholarly journals Keratoconjunctivitis associated with nevirapine toxicity in HIV pregnant woman

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bety Yañez
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the treatment of choice for human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) patients. Severe side effects of these drugs have been described that produce generalized autoimmune blistering diseases, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN). These complications may seriously compromise the patient’s life or cause disabling consequences such as blindness. We describe a case of 21-year old female HIV patient with a CD4 count of 126 cells/microliter. Ten days post elective caesarean delivery she restarted HAART with nevirapine and developed TEN after approximately two weeks. Nevirapine was discontinued, but despite this, ocular surface disorder persisted. She presented severe bilateral keratoconjunctivitis that was treated with free tear substitutes, moxifloxacyn, and prednisolone acethate eye drops. At 2-month follow up her visual acuity without correction was 20/160 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left. She had bilateral moderate cicatricial keratoconjunctivitis and a central corneal leukoma in the right eye. Early treatment is important and should consist of preservative-free lubricants, and amniotic membrane transplantation to decrease the frequency of severe sequelae such as keratitis and corneal leukomas that will reduce the quality of life for these patients.

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

A Review on Quinoline Derived Scaffolds as Anti-HIV Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Chokkar ◽  
Sourav Kalra ◽  
Monika Chauhan ◽  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Quinolone Derivative ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv Agents ◽  
Anti Hiv

After restricting the proliferation of CD4+T cells, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infection persists at a very fast rate causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This demands the vigorous need of suitable anti-HIV agents, as existing medicines do not provide a complete cure and exhibit drawbacks like toxicities, drug resistance, side-effects, etc. Even the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) failed to combat HIV/AIDS completely. The major breakthrough in anti-HIV discovery was marked with the discovery of raltegravir in 2007, the first integrase (IN) inhibitor. Thereafter, the discovery of elvitegravir, a quinolone derivative emerged as the potent HIV-IN inhibitor. Though many more classes of different drugs that act as anti-HIV have been identified, some of which are under clinical trials, but the recent serious focus is still laid on quinoline and its analogues. In this review, we have covered all the quinoline-based derivatives that inhibit various targets and are potential anti-HIV agents in various phases of the drug discovery.

scholarly journals Visceral Kaposi’s Sarcoma Presenting as Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Naomi Hauser ◽  
Devon McKenzie ◽  
Xavier Fonseca ◽  
Jose Orsini
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Alternative Sites

Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome- (AIDS-) related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) has decreased dramatically. While cutaneous KS is the most common and well-known manifestation, knowledge of alternative sites such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is important. GI-KS is particularly dangerous because of its potential for serious complications including perforation, obstruction, or bleeding. We report a rare case of GI-KS presenting as upper GI bleeding in a human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected transgendered individual. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of therapy are the cornerstones for management of this potentially severe disease.

Immune-Based Therapies for the Management of HIV Infection: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Beyond

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
Aimee F. Ansari ◽  
Joseph V. Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Improve Patient

The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a significant impact on reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and reducing the overall morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. However, the use of HAART is often associated with adverse effects, significant drug interactions, high cost and the emergence of viral resistance in a significant percentage of treatment recipients. In addition, the clinical efficacy of HAART in terms of viral eradication appears to be limited due to the presence of reservoirs of latent virus within HAART-experienced patients. Because of these and other limitations associated with antiretroviral therapies, new therapeutic strategies are being developed to restore the normal function of the immune system and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review some of the more promising investigational immune-based therapies and their potential role in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.

Prevalence and variables associated with an abnormal ankle-brachial index among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Vascular ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Hinojosa ◽  
Ana E Nunez-Salgado ◽  
Javier E Anaya-Ayala ◽  
Hugo Laparra-Escareno ◽  
Laura J Ortiz-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Objectives The longer survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy have increased the number of chronic conditions; among these, cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to determine patient, disease, and factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in a population of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods A prospective nested case–control study of a cohort of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was conducted in a tertiary medical center in Mexico City. A sample size of 206 patients was calculated. Medical history, relevant laboratory data, peripheral arterial exam, and screening ankle-brachial index tests were obtained. Results The prevalence of abnormal ankle-brachial indexes was 20% (42 patients). Patient’s mean age was 44 years ±13. The majority (98.5%) were actively receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy; active smoking was reported in 55 (27%), arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were found in 24 (12%) and 22 (11%) patients. Median time from the human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis was eight years (Interquartile range ±11); the mean CD4 count was 481, with a mean viral load of 13,557 copies (SD ± 69025.27) and 1889.18 (SD ± 9052.77) for patients with normal and abnormal ankle-brachial index and a median of 40 (IQ ± 2). Viral load ( p = 0.04) and number of years with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( p = 0.04) were significantly associated with abnormal ankle-brachial indexes. Conclusions Abnormal ankle-brachial index seems to be more frequent in Mexican patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome when compared with the general population at the same age. The most important factors associated with arterial disease were the viral load and the number of years with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02264509.

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