Effects of Verapamil Combined with Esmolol on Blood Pressure and Heart Rates during Tracheal Intubation

BACKGROUND Music is an inexpensive, easily available anxiolytic known to mankind since ages. Cataract extraction surgery is one of the widely performed surgeries under local anaesthesia. India is a developing country where limited resources are spent over health infrastructure which has to cater to a large population. In our study we have tried to utilize the anxietolytic effect of music in combating the anxiety and stress patients suffer during surgery. METHODS In this prospective, interventional study, 300 patients diagnosed with senile cataract were selected. The sample size was decided taking into consideration various prevalence studies. The patients were consequently recruited for the study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into three groups - one undergoing phacoemulsification surgery under topical anaesthesia and two groups undergoing phacoemulsification surgery under local anaesthesia by the same surgeon in a same operating room. Two groups including the one where topical anaesthesia was used were made to listen to ‘Classical Sitar Music’ whereas one group was not made to listen to music. Blood pressure and heart rates were measured before and after surgery and compared in all patients. RESULTS Blood pressure and heart rates were statistically significantly normalized (lowered) post-operatively when compared to their pre-operative values in groups which were made to listen to music. There was a marked decrease in the anxiety levels in patients who were operated under topical anaesthesia when compared to those operated under local anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS Music can be widely used in decreasing anxiety levels in patients undergoing cataract extraction surgery thereby improving the post-operative prognosis in patients in a cost-effective way. KEY WORDS Phacoemulsification Surgery, Classical Sitar Music, Peri-Bulbar Block, Topical Anaesthesia, Anxiety, Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate

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Learned Control of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1971.33.1.219 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Hnatiow

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Visual Display ◽

Waveform Analysis ◽

Target Range ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Continuous Measures

Cardiac rate-variability control and an initial demonstration of systolic blood-pressure variability control using visual feedback of physiological information were examined. Continuous measures of respiration, heart rate, EXG waveform analysis, and systolic blood pressure were obtained for both experimental groups and for yoked controls who saw the same visual display as the experimental Ss. Ss successful at reducing heart-rate variability showed clear changes in the P-R wave relationships of the EKG, indicating possible direct attempts to manipulate heart rate so as to reduce variability. Ss controlling blood-pressure variability who had high heart rates were more successful in reducing variability than those with low rates, possibly because of differential feedback to Ss with high and low heart rates. In addition, apparently as a reaction to E's adjustment of the visual target range, experimental Ss showed decreases in mean blood-pressure levels.

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Effects of Oral Clonidine and Intravenous Esmolol on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate during Tracheal Intubation

Korean Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.4097/kjae.2000.39.1.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tae Yop Kim ◽

Myoung Keun Shin

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Oral Clonidine

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The Correlation between Blood Pressure Elevation and Intubation Time during Tracheal Intubation using Lightwand or Direct Laryngoscope

Korean Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.4097/kjae.2007.52.6.s9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. S9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Byung Hoon Yoo ◽

Sangseok Lee ◽

Younsuk Lee ◽

Seung Hoon Woo ◽

Junheum Yon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Direct Laryngoscope ◽

Pressure Elevation

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Role of adrenal catecholamines during forced submergence in ducks

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.6.r1364 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (6) ◽

pp. R1364-R1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. M. Lacombe ◽

D. R. Jones

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Partial Pressure ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Peripheral Vasoconstriction ◽

Arterial Partial Pressure ◽

Arterial Ph ◽

Venous Infusion ◽

Lactate Levels

Maximum underwater tolerance (UTmax) of chronically adrenalectomized ducks (ADX, 5.3 +/- 0.3 min) and chronically adrenal-denervated ducks (DNX, 7.2 +/- 0.2 min) was significantly lower than sham-operated controls (SH-ADX, 10 +/- 0.8 min; SH-DNX, 12.2 +/- 0.5 min). After 4 min forced submergence, heart rates of ADX (62 +/- 16 beats/min) and DNX (31 +/- 2 beats/min) ducks were significantly higher than in their respective sham-operated controls (23 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 2 beats/min), although their blood pressure was significantly lower. Arterial partial pressure of O2, arterial O2 content, arterial pH, and lactate levels in DNX ducks (42 +/- 2 mmHg, 4.5 +/- 0.8 ml O2/100 ml blood, 7.233 +/- 0.016, 3.1 +/- 0.3 mM, respectively) were significantly lower than in SH-DNX ducks after 5 min forced submergence (53 +/- 1 mmHg, 6.8 +/- 0.4 ml O2/100 ml blood, 7.301 +/- 0.007, 4.8 +/- 0.4 mM, respectively). Venous infusion of catecholamines in ADX and DNX ducks during forced submergence significantly increased UTmax. It is suggested that adrenal catecholamines increase tolerance to underwater submersion by enhancing peripheral vasoconstriction, thus preserving the O2 stores for the heart and brain. Other adrenal products could also be involved.

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A randomized trial to evaluate a modified tracheal catheter with upper and lower balloons for anesthetic administration: effect on the cardiovascular, stress response, and comfort in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-019-0883-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuenong Zhang ◽

Zhiwen Zeng ◽

Guangwen Xiao ◽

Weiqiang Zhang ◽

Weixiong Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Stress Response ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Group A ◽

Endotracheal Anesthesia

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate a modified endotracheal tube containing upper and lower balloons for anesthetic administration among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Ninety patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to 3 equal groups: group A (conventional tracheal intubation without endotracheal anesthesia); B (conventional tracheal intubation with endotracheal anesthesia); and C (tracheal intubation using a modified catheter under study). Blood pressure, heart rate, angiotensin II level, blood glucose level, airway pressure before anesthesia (T1) were measured immediately after intubation (T2), 5 min after intubation (T3), and immediately after extubation (T4). The post-extubation pain experienced was evaluated using the Wong-Baker Face Pain scale. Adverse reactions within 30 min after extubation were recorded. Results Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, angiotensin II, and blood sugar level in group C at T2, T3 and T4, and heart rate at T2 and T4 were significantly lower than those in group A (P < 0.05); systolic blood pressure and blood sugar at T4, and angiotensin II levels at T2, T3, and T4 were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). Patients in group C reported the lowest post-extubation pain (P < 0.05 vs. Group A), and the lowest incidence of adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, and sore throat than that in groups A and B (P < 0.05). Conclusion The modified endotracheal anesthesia tube under study is effective in reducing cardiovascular and tracheal stress response, and increasing patient comfort, without inducing an increase in airway resistance. Trial registration The clinical trial was retrospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the Registration Number ChiCTR1900020832 at January 20th 2019.

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Assessing the validity of a linear inflation method in noninvasive blood pressure monitoring during the induction period of general anaesthesia

Journal of Perioperative Practice ◽

10.1177/1750458920957917 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 175045892095791

Author(s):

Ken-ichiro Kikuchi ◽

Naoyuki Hirata ◽

Yusuke Yoshikawa ◽

Michiaki Yamakage

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Induction Period ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Pressure Monitoring ◽

Noninvasive Blood Pressure ◽

Rapid Changes ◽

Haemodynamic Changes

Inflationary noninvasive blood pressure (iNIBP) monitoring can determine BP in a shorter time compared to conventional deflationary NIBP (dNIBP) monitoring. We assessed the efficacy of iNIBP monitoring during induction of general anaesthesia and tracheal intubation, which can cause rapid changes in haemodynamics. Our study included 14 surgery patients receiving tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia. Blood pressure was continuously measured using iNIBP monitoring. We recorded the percentage of successful iNIBP monitoring (measurements made without switching to dNIBP mode) during anaesthesia induction. We obtained 326 BP-measurements from 14 patients. The iNIPB mode was able to perform 90.9% of the measurements during the induction of general anaesthesia. iNIBP could determine BP even during periods of high blood pressure variability (31.6% [interquartile range; 22–40]). Our results validate the utility of iNIBP monitoring during the induction period of general anaesthesia, despite the rapid haemodynamic changes.

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