scholarly journals Companionship by a lay labour supporter to modify the clinical birth environment: long-term effects on mother and child

Curationis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.C. Nikodem ◽  
A.G.W. Nolte ◽  
W. Wolman ◽  
A.M. Gülmezoglu ◽  
G.J. Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Birth Environment

The birth of a child and adaptation to motherhood is generally accepted to be a stressful life event. During this time women may experience significant physiological, phycological and emotional changes in their lives.

scholarly journals The pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the elderly in rural China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqing Mo ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Lu Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Life Event

Abstract Background: There is a lack of evidence concerning the stressful life events experienced prior to suicide which may be associated with an increased suicide risk for Chinese rural elderly. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the elderly in China. Methods: A total of 12 counties were randomly selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Suicide cases aged 60 years and older (n =242) were collected from those counties from June 2014 to September 2015. Matched living controls were selected 1:1 with suicide cases by age, gender, and location. Data in the study were collected through face-to-face interviews by a psychological autopsy method. The Life Event Scale for the Elderly was used to measure the stressful life events prior to suicide/interviews. Results: Approximately 99.6% of suicide cases and 88.4% of controls experienced at least one stressful life event. The suicide group experienced more long-term stressful life events than recent stressful life events. The top three most frequent stressful life events for the suicide group were being diagnosed with chronic disease, hospitalization, and being diagnosed with terminal illness. More female suicide cases experienced the death of a spouse, while more males experienced hospitalization, diagnosis with terminal illness and family poverty. Experiencing at least one stressful life event, having unstable marital status, physical diseases and mental disorders were the factors that increased the risk of suicide.Conclusions: Stressful life events were common for the rural elderly, especially long-term stressful life events. The experience of at least one stressful life event can increase suicide risk for this population. More attention should be given to the rural elderly who experienced more long-term stressful life events and experienced health related life events.

scholarly journals Application of the Weathering Framework: Intersection of Racism, Stigma, and COVID-19 as a Stressful Life Event among African Americans

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Fathima Wakeel ◽  
Anuli Njoku
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Life Course

The disproportionate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on African American communities necessitates an increased focus on the intersectional roles of racism, stigma, and other social determinants of health in influencing disease and mortality risk. The Weathering Framework is applied to demonstrate the dynamic interrelationships between these factors and to conceptualize COVID-19 as a stressful life event that will have profound health implications over the life course for African Americans. Recommendations for population health research, interventions and policies aimed at reducing COVID-19 incidence and mortality, and mitigation of the long-term impacts of the pandemic on communities of color are discussed.

scholarly journals The pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the elderly in rural China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqing Mo ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Lu Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Life Event

Abstract Background: There is a lack of evidence concerning the stressful life events experienced prior to suicide which may be associated with an increased suicide risk for Chinese rural elderly. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the elderly in China. Methods: A total of 12 counties were randomly selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Suicide cases aged 60 years and older (n =242) were collected from those counties from June 2014 to September 2015. Matched living controls were selected 1:1 with suicide cases by age, gender, and location. Data in the study were collected through face-to-face interviews by a psychological autopsy method. The Life Event Scale for the Elderly was used to measure the stressful life events prior to suicide/interviews. Results: Approximately 99.6% of suicide cases and 88.4% of controls experienced at least one stressful life event. The suicide group experienced more long-term stressful life events than recent stressful life events. The top three most frequent stressful life events for the suicide group were being diagnosed with chronic disease, hospitalization, and being diagnosed with terminal illness. More female suicide cases experienced the death of a spouse, while more males experienced hospitalization, diagnosis with terminal illness and family poverty. Experiencing at least one stressful life event, having unstable marital status, physical diseases and mental disorders were the factors that increased the risk of suicide.Conclusions: Stressful life events were common for the rural elderly, especially long-term stressful life events. The experience of at least one stressful life event can increase suicide risk for this population. More attention should be given to the rural elderly who experienced more long-term stressful life events and experienced health related life events.

scholarly journals The pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the older adults in rural China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqing Mo ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Lu Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Rural Older Adults

Abstract Background There is a lack of evidence concerning the stressful life events experienced prior to suicide which may be associated with an increased suicide risk among Chinese rural older adults. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the older adults in China. Methods Twelve counties were randomly selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Suicide cases aged 60 years and older (n = 242) were collected from those counties from June 2014 to September 2015. Matched living controls were selected 1:1 with suicide cases by age, gender, and location. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews by a psychological autopsy method. The Life Event Scale for the Elderly was used to measure the stressful life events prior to suicide/interviews. Results Approximately 99.6% of suicide cases and 88.4% of controls experienced at least one stressful life event. The suicide group experienced more long-term stressful life events than recent stressful life events. The top three most frequent stressful life events for the suicide group were being diagnosed with chronic disease, hospitalization, and being diagnosed with terminal illness. More female suicide cases experienced the death of a spouse, while more males experienced hospitalization, diagnosis with terminal illness and family poverty. Experiencing at least one stressful life event, an unstable marital status, physical diseases and mental disorders were shown to increase the risk of suicide. Conclusions Stressful life events were common for the rural older adults, especially long-term stressful life events. The experience of at least one stressful life event can increase suicide risk among this population. More attention should be paid to the rural older adults who experienced more long-term stressful life events and health related life events.

scholarly journals The pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the older adults in rural China: a national case-control psychological autopsy study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqing Mo ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Lu Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Rural Older Adults

Abstract Background: There is a lack of evidence concerning the stressful life events experienced prior to suicide which may be associated with an increased suicide risk among Chinese rural older adults. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of stressful life events prior to suicide among the older adults in China.Methods: Twelve counties were randomly selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Suicide cases aged 60 years and older (n =242) were collected from those counties from June 2014 to September 2015. Matched living controls were selected 1:1 with suicide cases by age, gender, and location. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews by a psychological autopsy method. The Life Event Scale for the Elderly was used to measure the stressful life events prior to suicide/interviews.Results: Approximately 99.6% of suicide cases and 88.4% of controls experienced at least one stressful life event. The suicide group experienced more long-term stressful life events than recent stressful life events. The top three most frequent stressful life events for the suicide group were being diagnosed with chronic disease, hospitalization, and being diagnosed with terminal illness. More female suicide cases experienced the death of a spouse, while more males experienced hospitalization, diagnosis with terminal illness and family poverty. Experiencing at least one stressful life event, an unstable marital status, physical diseases and mental disorders were shown to increase the risk of suicide.Conclusions: Stressful life events were common for the rural older adults, especially long-term stressful life events. The experience of at least one stressful life event can increase suicide risk among this population. More attention should be paid to the rural older adults who experienced more long-term stressful life events and health related life events.

Prenatal exposure to maternal stressful life events and earlier age at menarche: the Raine Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V Bräuner ◽  
T Koch ◽  
A Juul ◽  
D A Doherty ◽  
R Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Complete Case ◽  
Life Event

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between prenatal exposure to stressful life events and age at menarche, and does childhood BMI mediate this association? SUMMARY ANSWER Girls exposed to prenatal stress had a slightly earlier age at menarche, but this association did not show a dose-response effect and was not mediated by childhood offspring BMI. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Prenatal stress may impact on reproductive function in females including age at menarche, but human data are very limited. High childhood BMI is known to be associated with earlier age at menarche. Only one small study has measured the association between maternal stress and age at menarche and reported that childhood BMI mediated the association between maternal stress and earlier age at menarche. However, neither maternal stress nor age at menarche was prospectively recorded and the study was limited to 31 mother–daughter pairs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The Raine Study is a large prospective population-based pregnancy cohort study (n = 1414 mother–daughter pairs) continuously followed from prenatal life through to adolescence. In the present study, we examined the association between exposure to maternal stressful life events during early, late and total gestation and age at menarche in offspring using 753 mother–daughter pairs with complete case information. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mothers prospectively reported stressful life events during pregnancy at 18 and 34 weeks using a standardized 10-point questionnaire. Exact date of menarche was assessed using a purpose-designed questionnaire at 8, 10, 14 and 17 years of age. Complete information on exposure, outcome and confounding variables was obtained from 753 mothers–daughter pairs. Multivariate linear regression complete case analysis was used to examine associations between maternal stressful life event exposure and age at menarche. Potential selection bias was evaluated using multiple imputations (50 datasets). The mediating effects of offspring childhood BMI (ages 5, 8, or 10 years) on these associations were measured in separate sub-analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Most (580/753, 77%) daughters were exposed to at least one prenatal stressful life event. Exposure to maternal stressful life events during the entire pregnancy was associated with a non-linear earlier age at menarche. Exposure to one event and two or more psychological stressful events was associated with a 3.5 and 1.7-month earlier onset of puberty, respectively when compared to the reference group with no exposure maternal stressful life events. The estimates from multiple imputation with 50 datasets were comparable with complete case analysis confirming the existence of an underlying effect. No separate significant effects were observed for exposure during early or late gestation. The association between prenatal stressful events and age at menarche was not mediated by childhood BMI in the offspring. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Stressful life events may have affected pregnant women in different ways and self-perceived maternal stress severity may have provided a more precise estimate of gestational psychological stress. The observed non-linear U-shape of the association between maternal psychological stress and age at menarche did not reflect a dose-response. This suggests that the first exposure to prenatal stress exerts a greater effect on fetal reproductive development. A potential mechanism is via dramatic initial activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis following the first stressful life event which is greater than that observed following subsequent exposure to two or more maternal stressful life events. Whilst we adjusted for a priori chosen confounders, we cannot exclude residual confounding or confounding by factors we did not include. Maternal age at menarche was not available so the effects of familial history/genetics could not be assessed. There was a large loss due to the number of girls with no information on date of menarche and missing confounder information implying risk of selection bias and multiple imputation analyses did not fully exclude this risk (similar direction but slightly weaker estimate magnitude). WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Menarche is a sentinel reproductive event and earlier age at menarche carries implications for psychological, social and reproductive health and for long-term risk of common non-communicable diseases. Understanding the factors regulating age at menarche has extensive health implications. This is the first population-based cohort study in humans to demonstrate that prenatal psychological stress might directly modify age at menarche. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Dr. Bräuner and Trine Koch’s salaries were supported by Doctor Sofus Carl Emil Friis and spouse Olga Doris Friis foundation, The Danish Cancer Society (Kræftens Bekæmpelse, RP15468, R204-A12636, Denmark) and The Danish Health Foundation (Helsefonden, F-22181-23, Denmark). Martha Hickey was funded by NHMRC Practitioner Fellowships. The funding bodies played no role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Dr. Hart has received personal fees in his function as the Medical Director of Fertility Specialists of Western Australia and received educational sponsorship grants from MSD, Merck-Serono and from Ferring Pharmaceuticals. Dr Hart has also received personal fees from Shareholders in Western IVF outside the submitted work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.

Lack of effect of an early stressful life event on sensorimotor gating in adult rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lehmann ◽  
Christopher R. Pryce ◽  
Joram Feldon
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Life Event

Trauma and Stressful Life Event Exposure Measure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie L. Green ◽  
Priscilla Dass-Brailsford ◽  
Alejandra Hurtado de Mendoza ◽  
Mihriye Mete ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Life Event
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