scholarly journals Cardiovascular effects of epidural morphine or ropivacaine in isoflurane-anaesthetised pigs during surgical devascularisation of the liver

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Isoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Arterial Blood

The cardiovascular effects of non-abdominal and abdominal surgery during isoflurane anaesthesia (A-group) or isoflurane anaesthesia supplemented with either epidural ropivacaine (AR-group; 0.75 % solution, 0.2 mℓ/kg) or morphine (AM-group; 0.1 mg/kg diluted in saline to 0.2mℓ/kg) were evaluated in 28 healthy pigs with a mean body weight of 30.3 kg SD ± 4.1 during surgical devascularisation of the liver. Anaesthesia was induced with the intramuscular injection of midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Anaesthesia was deepened with intravenous propofol to enable tracheal intubation and maintained with isoflurane on a circle rebreathing circuit. The vaporiser was set at 2.5% for the A-group and 1.5% for the AR- and AM-groups. Differences between treatment groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05) for any of the variables. Differences between AM- and AR-groups were marginally significant heart rate (HR) (P = 0.06) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P = 0.08). Within treatment groups, differences for the A-group were statistically significant (P<0.05) between non-abdominal and abdominal surgery for HR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DIA) and MAP. Within the AM-group differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for DIA and MAP, and within the AR group differences for all variables were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that in isoflurane-anaesthetised pigs, the epidural administration of ropivacaine decreased heart rate and improved arterial blood pressure during surgery.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular effects of lumbar epidural anaesthesia in isoflurane-anaesthetised pigs during surgical removal of the liver

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Lumbar Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Surgical Preparation

In humans the combined administration of epidural anaesthesia and inhalation anaesthesia may result in cardiovascular instability associated with decreases in heart rate and blood pressure. Anaesthesia was induced with a combination of midazolam / ketamine in 18 female pigs with a mean body weight of 24.9±5.9 kg scheduled for surgical removal of the liver. After tracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained on a circle rebreathing circuit with isoflurane. Epidural anaesthesia was administered with ropivacaine (AL-group, n=8) at 0.2 mℓ / kg of a 7.5 mg / mℓ solution to the anaesthetised animals. The A-group (n = 10) received isoflurane anaesthesia only. The vaporiser was set at 2.5 % for the A-group and 1.5 % for the AL-group. Heart rate, invasive systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure were monitored. Comparisons were made between treatments and within treatments comparing variables during surgical preparation and abdominal surgery. Differences between treatments were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) during surgical preparation or during abdominal surgery. For within treatment groups, the differences between surgical preparation and abdominal surgery were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for heart rate in the A-group, but not statistically significant (P > 0.05) for the other variables. It is concluded that abdominal surgery may be associated with statistically significant changes in heart rate in isoflurane-anaesthetised pigs and that the combined administration of epidural ropivacaine may prevent statistically significant changes in HR during abdominal surgery.

Cardiovascular actions of trout urotensin II in the conscious trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. R1335-R1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Le Mevel ◽  
K. R. Olson ◽  
D. Conklin ◽  
D. Waugh ◽  
D. D. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Cardinal Vein ◽  
Vascular Rings ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dose Dependent

The central and peripheral cardiovascular effects of synthetic trout urotensin II (UII) were investigated in the conscious rainbow trout. Intracerebroventricular injection of 50 pmol UII produced a slight (3%) but significant (P < 0.05) increase in heart rate but had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure. Injection of 500 pmol UII icv produced a significant (P < 0.05) rise (8%) in blood pressure with no change in heart rate. In contrast to the weak pressor effect of centrally administered UII, intra-arterial injection of UII produced a dose-dependent increase in arterial blood pressure and decrease in heart rate with significant (P < 0.05) effects on both parameters observed at a dose of 25 pmol. Higher doses of the peptide produced a sustained decrease in cardiac output that accompanied the bradycardia and rise in arterial blood pressure. The UII-induced bradycardia, but not the increase in pressure, was abolished by pretreatment with phentolamine. Trout UII produced a sustained and dose-dependent contraction of isolated vascular rings prepared from trout efferent branchial [-log 50% of the concentration producing maximal contraction (pD2) = 8.30] and celiacomesenteric (pD2 = 8.22) arteries but was without effects on vascular rings from the anterior cardinal vein. The data indicate that the pressor effect of UII in trout is mediated predominantly, if not exclusively, by an increase in systemic vascular resistance. The UII-induced hypertensive response does not seem to involve release of catecholamines, but the bradycardia may arise from adrenergic-mediated activation of cardioinhibitory baroreflexes.

scholarly journals Hypotensive and Bradycardic Effects of Quinovic Acid Glycosides from Aspidosperma fendleri in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Estrada ◽  
Juan M. González-Guzmán ◽  
María M. Salazar-Bookman ◽  
Alfonso Cardozo ◽  
Eva Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Arterial Blood

The Aspidosperma genus (Apocynaceae) represents one of the largest sources of indole alkaloids widely associated with cardiovascular effects. Aspidosperma fendleri, a plant found mainly in Venezuela, has a single phytochemical report in which is revealed the presence of alkaloids in its seeds. This study explored the cardiovascular effects of an ethanolic extract of A. fendleri leaves (EEAF) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its potential bioactive compounds. Using bioguided fractionation, fractions and pure compounds were intravenously administered to SHR and their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) monitored over time. EEAF induced hypotensive and bradycardic effects as shown by significant reductions in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR), respectively. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of a mixture of two known isomeric triterpenoid glycosides identified by spectral evidence as quinovic acid 3- O-β-rhamnopyranoside and quinovic acid 3- O-β-fucopyranoside. This mixture of triterpenoid saponins induced reductions in MABP and HR similar to those induced by propranolol. Together, these findings indicate that the two quinovic acid glycosides are responsible for the hypotensive and bradycardic effects which suggest their potential use in cardiovascular therapy.

Sedation Effects

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Linzer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiac Work ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Arterial Blood

While respiratory concerns tend to be the first consideration with sedation medications, many can have important effects on the cardiovascular system that need to be managed. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac work have to be considered. While most of these medications will affect arterial blood pressure in one way or another, some will have no effect on heart rate. While one agent may work well in majority of patients, that same medication could have potentially devastating effects because of a patient’s underlying condition. Additionally, simply changing the rate of drug administration can potentially reduce or increase the cardiovascular effects.

Computer-controlled Epidural Infusion to Targeted Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations in Humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47. ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Eisenach ◽  
David D. Hood ◽  
Robin Tuttle ◽  
Steven Shafer ◽  
Thomas Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Intrathecal Catheter ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Institutional Review

Background Pharmacokinetically designed infusions have been demonstrated to achieve rapidly and maintain desired concentrations of drug in plasma after intravenous administration. In this study we tested whether a similar approach, targeting concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), could be used with epidural administration of the alpha 2-adrenergic analgesic clonidine. Methods After institutional review board approval and informed consent had been obtained, seven healthy volunteers received a clonidine infusion through a lower lumbar epidural catheter. Infusion of clonidine (10 micrograms/ml) was controlled by the STANPUMP program for sequential 75-min periods to targeted CSF clonidine concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 150 ng/ml. Before reprogramming to the next higher targeted concentration, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured; blood was obtained for clonidine and catecholamine assays; and visual analog score for sedation and pain to immersion of foot and hand in ice water were obtained. CSF was collected during infusion with an indwelling lumbar intrathecal catheter and was analyzed for clonidine, catecholamines, and acetylcholine. Results CSF clonidine concentrations rapidly increased and were maintained at steady values with the stepped infusion, although observed concentrations were consistently greater than targeted. The relation between CSF clonidine concentration and analgesia in the foot was similar to that previously observed after epidural bolus administration. Clonidine also was associated with concentration-dependent sedation; decreased mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and CSF norepinephrine concentration; and increased CSF acetylcholine concentration. Conclusions This study suggests that pharmacokinetically designed infusions of drugs in the epidural space in humans can maintain steady concentrations of drug in CSF. In addition to providing a useful tool for investigation of mechanisms of action and drug interactions, this technique may improve analgesia and diminish side effects from epidurally administered analgesics.

Compression Stocking Length Effects on Arterial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Following Head-Up Tilt in Healthy Volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Tanaka ◽  
Shiori Tokumiya ◽  
Yumiko Ishihara ◽  
Yumiko Kohira ◽  
Tetsuro Katafuchi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Compression Stocking ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Length Effects

Effects of l-arginine on systemic and renal haemodynamics in conscious dogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marohito Murakami ◽  
Hiromichi Suzuki ◽  
Atsuhiro Ichihara ◽  
Mareo Naitoh ◽  
Hidetomo Nakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Haemodynamics ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Arginine Infusion ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. The effects of l-arginine on systemic and renal haemodynamics were investigated in conscious dogs. l-Arginine was administered intravenously at doses of 15 and 75 μmol min−1 kg−1 for 20 min. 2. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were not changed significantly by l-arginine infusion. However, l-arginine infusion induced a significant elevation of renal blood flow from 50 ± 3 to 94 ± 12 ml/min (means ± sem, P < 0.01). 3. Simultaneous infusion of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (0.5 μmol min−1 kg−1) significantly inhibited the increase in renal blood flow produced by l-arginine (15 μmol min−1 kg−1) without significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate. 4. Pretreatment with atropine completely inhibited the l-arginine-induced increase in renal blood flow, whereas pretreatment with indomethacin attenuated it (63 ± 4 versus 82 ± 10 ml/min, P < 0.05). 5. A continuous infusion of l-arginine increased renal blood flow in the intact kidney (55 ± 3 versus 85 ± 9 ml/min, P < 0.05), but not in the contralateral denervated kidney (58 ± 3 versus 56 ± 4 ml/min, P > 0.05). 6. These results suggest that intravenously administered l-arginine produces an elevation of renal blood flow, which may be mediated by facilitation of endogenous acetylcholine-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and vasodilatory prostaglandins.

Assessment of Baroreflex Mechanism by Joint Analysis of Arterial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

2020 ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Aleksei A. Anisimov ◽  
Nikolai B. Suvorov ◽  
Natalia L. Frolova ◽  
Aleksandr V. Belov ◽  
Elizaveta A. Agapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Arterial Blood
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