scholarly journals Groei- en oorlewingstrategie vir boerderyondernemings

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
André Louw
Keyword(s):  
Equity Capital ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Survival Capacity ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Cost

Growth and survival strategies for farming enterprises. The cost-push inflation situation during recent years has forced the farmer to consider the survival objective to be as important as the growth objective. These objectives are related. Any farming enterprise should endeavour to increase its survival capacity. Both an increase in the ability to survive and improved profitability are therefore necessary. Strategic planning gives guidelines to management. Strategic financial decision making is equally important. The financial components that have a substantial influence on the continued existence of the firm are its profitability, amount of non-equity capital used, the cost of that capital as well as tax rate and consumption propensity. The financial risks attached to higher non-equity capital and the resultant fixed obligations can cause liquidity problems, which are aggravated by the present inflation situation. Possible growth strategies considered are borrowing fixed capital and buying working capital with credit; investing assets that appreciate in value and attracting outside equity. cash management and planning are important aspects. Strategies during periods when agriculture experiences financial difficulties concentrate on cost and cash control as well as on higher productivity.Kostedrukinflasietoestande van die afgelope jare het die boerdery-ondernemer gedwing om die oorlewingsdoelwit gelyk aan die groeidoelwit te stel. Hierdie doelwitte hou egter verband met mekaar. Boerdery-ondernemings moet daarna streef om oorlewingskapasiteit te verbeter, dus is 'n toename in die vermoe om te oorlewe, sowel as 'n verbetering in rentabiliteit nodig. Strategiese beplanning gee riglyne aan die bestuur. Ook is strategiese finansiele besluitneming belangrik. Finansiele komponente wat invloed op die onderneming se voortbestaan het, is winsgewendheid, hoeveelheid vreemde kapitaal gebruik, kapitaalkoste, belastingkoerse en verbruikersgeneigdheid. Die finansiele risiko wat met verhoogde vreemde kapitaal en dus vaste verpligtinge gepaard gaan, kan likiditeitsprobleme skep wat deur die huidige inflasiesituasie vererger word. Groeistrategiee wat oorweeg word is die huur van vaste kapitaal, verkryging van vlottende kapitaal deur middel van krediet, belegging in waarde-appresierende bates sowel as die aantrekking van eie kapitaal van buite. Kontantbestuur en -beplanning is belangrike aspekte. Strategiee wat tydens finansiele drukperiodes in die landbou gevolg kan word, konsentreer op koste- en kontantkontrole en hoer produktiwiteit.

scholarly journals A prion accelerates proliferation at the expense of lifespan

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Garcia ◽  
Edgar A Campbell ◽  
Christopher M Jakobson ◽  
Mitsuhiro Tsuchiya ◽  
Ethan A Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Pseudouridine Synthase ◽  
Epigenetic State ◽  
Altered Protein ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
The Cost

In fluctuating environments, switching between different growth strategies, such as those affecting cell size and proliferation, can be advantageous to an organism. Trade-offs arise, however. Mechanisms that aberrantly increase cell size or proliferation—such as mutations or chemicals that interfere with growth regulatory pathways—can also shorten lifespan. Here we report a natural example of how the interplay between growth and lifespan can be epigenetically controlled. We find that a highly conserved RNA-modifying enzyme, the pseudouridine synthase Pus4/TruB, can act as a prion, endowing yeast with greater proliferation rates at the cost of a shortened lifespan. Cells harboring the prion grow larger and exhibit altered protein synthesis. This epigenetic state, [BIG+] (better in growth), allows cells to heritably yet reversibly alter their translational program, leading to the differential synthesis of dozens of proteins, including many that regulate proliferation and aging. Our data reveal a new role for prion-based control of an RNA-modifying enzyme in driving heritable epigenetic states that transform cell growth and survival.

Tax maneuver in the oil industry: Provisional results and risks for further implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
A. S. Kaukin ◽  
E. М. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Alternative Variant ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.

scholarly journals Information Asymmetry, Ownership Structure and Cost of Equity Capital: The Formation for Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ade Imam Muslim ◽  
Doddy Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
The Cost

Our study aims to investigate how information asymmetry and ownership structure affect cost of equity capital. For that purpose, we collected 246 issuers over 4 years for a total of 984 observations. By using panel data processing, we found that the information asymmetry we proxied through Price non-Synchronization and trading volume had an effect on the cost of equity capital. Our results also confirmed both Agency Theory and Pecking Order Theory. Both theories are in line with the conditions of the stock market in Indonesia. In addition, we found that institutional and foreign ownership structures also had an effect on the cost of equity capital. Furthermore, our results also confirmed Interest Alignment Theory and Entrenchment Theory. Our research is expected to contribute to the debate on the existence of information asymmetry and ownership structures in relation to the cost of equity capital. We also hope that it will be a valuable input for investors in considering their investment. Moreover, from the results of this study, investors can also consider foreign ownership or institutional ownership in determining their investment. In addition, stock market regulators in Indonesia can develop approaches to minimize information asymmetry and encourage foreign investors to invest in Indonesia.

Company reputation and the cost of equity capital

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cao ◽  
James N. Myers ◽  
Linda A. Myers ◽  
Thomas C. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Company Reputation ◽  
The Cost
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