The “Jewish Question” in Zemstvo Activities of the Liberal Fronda of Northern Ukraine in the 1880s

The article explores the position of the Zemstvo liberal party of northern Ukraine on the Jewish question in the Russian Empire in the 1880s. Based on little-known historical sources, the author reconstructs the public landscape in the north of Left-Bank Ukraine, where vivid discussions of the Jewish problem unfolded. A comparative analysis of the positions of the liberal and conservative Zemstvo circles demonstrated the main initiatives of the progressive Zemstvo, which fundamentally separated the aristocratic opposition fronda from the loyal authorities of the zemstvo environment. A detailed analysis of the primary sources shows that the liberal Zemstvo members strongly opposed the reactionary proposals of the conservatives - including a decisive rejection of punitive measures, the elimination of the civil inequality of the Jewish people in the Russian Empire, a fundamental change in state economic policy with the aim of comprehensive and wide-ranging reforms of social relations in the province, and a search for the harmonization of moral and spiritual relations in society. The publication examined the personal contribution of liberal Zemstvo party members of the Northern Left Bank to the development of a political philosophy for resolving the Jewish problem in the country, at the level of journalism of national importance, and at the level of the activities of the Chernihiv provincial commission on the Jewish question. The author demonstrates that the representatives of the Zemstvo opposition publicly opposed the slightest discrimination and restriction of civil rights and freedoms of Jews, considering such discrimination as manifestations of anti-Semitism and an insult of the Jewish people. The liberal partys reform plan for the conceptual solution of the Jewish question in the Russian Empire was an integral organic component of the broad socio-economic and ethno-political doctrine of state modernization.

Prioritization of Hospital Information System’s Executive Barriers to Patient Payment Reduction and Visitation Quality Improvement Packages of Health System Reform Plan from the Perspectives of Users and Experts in Hospitals of Yazd

Background: Healthcare facilities are dependent on hospital information systems due to the high volume and variation of information in different fields. These systems are a prerequisite for effective and high-quality healthcare provision in hospitals. Objectives: The present study intended to prioritize the executive barriers to these systems in patient payment reduction and visitation quality improvement packages of the health system reform plan (HSRP) from the perspectives of users and experts in selected university hospitals of Yazd, Iran, in 2019. Methods: The population of this descriptive-analytical study included 110 participants, including experts of information technology (IT) unit, hospital managers, and personnel of the administrative and medical units dealing with the hospital information system. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on similar studies, the validity of which was evaluated by a committee of experts. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was investigated and confirmed before the study using the Cronbach’s alpha method and a sample of 30 participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21. Results: Among the six barrier dimensions, the highest mean score belonged to the professional factors (3.46 ± 1.03), followed by human barriers (3.44 ± 0.83). Among professional barriers, the lack of motivation of the personnel in IT learning and get training on the IT-related skills had the highest mean score of 3.67. Conclusions: According to the results, outsourcing such services and special budget allocation for hardware and software update and support, holding conferences, and provision of practical training in this field are suitable strategies for better implementation of such systems.

The Reform Scheme of Fundamentals of Computer Culture based on Multi-level Blended Teaching

As a general course for college students, Fundamentals of Computer Culture plays an important role in the training of professional talents. However, there is a large gap in the ability and quality of college students. In order to promote the creative teaching reform of this course and improve the theoretical and skill levels of college students, our college proposed a reform scheme of multi-layer blended teaching to realize an all-round reform of curriculum system, teaching content, teaching arrangement, teaching method and means, teaching assessment, etc. It also gives a detailed introduction to the reform plan and its implementation in the paper, and provides a creative solution for the teaching reform of the Fundamentals of Computer Culture in other universities, which has great practical value.

Strategic Pause on the National Libyan Education Reform Plan: Insights & Enhanced Tactics

Primarily based on the strategic pillars presented in the essential plan titled: "National Libyan Public Education Reform: Entire Transformative Strategies 2020–2026" (Published: November 2017), which proposed comprehensive bases for reforming Libyan public education as a reflection on the problems that the whole Libyan public/private education system have faced due to still-existing circumstances. It divided the entire reform strategy into six years of definite procedures designed to solve the revealed problems through gradual, ongoing actions. This essential plan was followed by a detailed executive paper on the same reverence plan titled "Contextualizing the First Two Years of the Libyan Education Reform Proposed Strategies (2020–2026): Targeted Candidates and Reflective Activities" (Published: May 2018), which explained in detail the projected (Phase I) actions of the first two years of the plan. (Phase II) of applying such a plan was explained in a paper titled "Employing the Subsequent Four Years of the Libyan Education Reform Strategy: Administrations and Contributors" (Published: January 2019), which extensively described the four executive years of the reform strategy with considerations to the constitutional laws or the existing educational regulations in the country.This associated project aimed to obtain a deeper understanding and awareness of the consequences and variables resulting from the remaining state instability for over (10) years (2011-2021) in general, and from (2017-2021) in particular, along with an assessment of the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the whole educational system in Libya. This comprehensive work is a result of (16) months of field qualitative study (&), which predominantly depended on the pillars of the suggested plan to professionally determine whether the projected National Reform Plan for the entire Libyan education system is still valuable to apply, or if it needs to be modified, developed, or even changed in some of its aspects or in one/all its phases. The significance of obtaining this field work emerged after the increase of great challenges that revealed problems faced by/facing the entire State of Libya: for instance, the effects of civil wars, a prolonged time of sharp institutional division (East and West), and a tremendous deficit (damage) in most education infrastructures and interferences, in addition to the almost non-existence of QAs, CPD, research, technology, and teaching facilities inside public schools, universities, and even in the vocational sector. This is in addition to the deep effects of the continued lack of a clear policy of education and the approximate non-existence of a clear and authentic Vision, Mission, and Goals (VMG) or sequenced tactics of leadership and lifelong learning for educators, inspectors, social workers, education administrators, TAs, and university lecturers, etc.This field study uncovered profound problems in the entire Libyan education system, which might lead to a complete collapse or major failures if it remains as it is now. It also re-verified the still-valued proposed National Libyan Public Education Reform (NLPER) strategy in combination with contemporary innovative concepts, added stakeholders, and developed tactical leadership philosophies and active crisis management techniques, all to be contained in a developed (7) years of reform strategy and tactics instead of the (6) suggested years, which will immediately take place (the updated Reform Plan) as a response to the findings of this study.

Sectoral Investment Analysis for Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to investigate the determinants of short- and long-run investment behavior in Saudi Arabia for eight non-oil sectors. Saudi Arabia is currently proceeding with its historic Vision 2030 reform plan, which aims to significantly increase the private sector’s contribution to the country’s gross domestic product. Thus, analyzing investments at the sectoral level is important for Saudi Arabia. Such an analysis can provide policymakers with a deeper understanding of potential opportunities for boosting private sector growth.

The audit reform in the United Kingdom: Challenges and the future

Subject. Intended to counter fraud and unreasonably high bonuses for top executives, the U.K. corporate governance and audit reform implies some changes so as to improve the financial transparency of companies, primarily, large and public interest entities. The reform is called to maintain the lucrativeness and competitiveness of the U.K. financial markets, creating a sustainable and manageable environment, which major long-term investors seek. Objectives. I review and summarize proposals set out in the reform as best-in-class practices, which may work in auditing and assurance in Russia and underlie respective changes. The reform may contribute to the auditing profession, help avoid accounting scandals and corporate failure. Methods. Studying the audit reform, I applied methods of analysis, generalization, and analogy. Results. Having analyzed the reform plan, I found valuable ideas concerning directors’ responsibilities, corporate reporting and auditing. The reform suggests that the Audit, Reporting and Governance Authority should be established. The definition of public interest entities became broader. Audit boards are now to meet additional requirements. The audit market will be overhauled by segregating auditing and consultancy units of the Big Four companies and introducing statutory audit, which should be jointly performed by major and smaller entities, and tightening audit transparency rules. Hence, top executives will be more responsible and liable for financial reporting and increased transparency of internal control and trade account settlement principles. Such proposals should be adapted to the audit regulation practice in Russia and be applied with reference to the recent legislative novels. Conclusions. The quality of audit is critical for the economy and the public, since it ensures the national credibility as a capital market. Any sustainable economy needs a comprehensive approach, which combines the audit reform and corporate governance and accounting standards reform.

Effect of the Health Promotion Plan on the Performance of Hospitals: Evidences from East of Iran

Background: Hospitals are considered as the most central and resource-consuming units in the healthcare system. They use from 50 to 80% of public expenditures. As hospitals become more efficient, the better the allocated resources in health sector will be used. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess hospitals’ efficiency in South Khorasan using the Pabon Lasso model. Methods: In this quasi-experimental and time-series study, we investigated the efficacy of South Khorasan hospitals during 2010 - 2018 (before and after the implementation of the health reform plan). All public hospitals in South Khorasan province were enrolled. Data including bed occupancy rate (BER), bed turnover (BT), and patient length of stay (LOS) were collected from hospitals in summer 2018 and analyzed using SPSS, version 21. Results: The means of the Pabon Lasso performance indicators for eight years were 74.4% for bed occupancy rate, 89.9 times for bed turnover, and 3.01 days for the length of stay. The coefficient of occupancy index after the implementation of the health reform plan was 5.7% higher than before, the bed turnover index increased 4.1 times, and the average length of stay increased by 0.08 day. On average, 35% of the hospitals were located in region 1, while 38% in region 2, 21% in Region 3, and 6% in Region 4 in the Pabon Lasso Diagram. Conclusions: Only 21% of the hospitals were in the region 3 of the Pabon Lasso Diagram, which is the desirable region for the efficiency of hospitals. This situation is not desirable and acceptable for hospitals. To increase productivity, interventions are required, and health planners and authorities need to apply economic tools for the improvement of this situation.

Study of the Effect of Health System Reform Plan Administration on the Satisfaction Level among Medical Doctors and Nurses in Tabriz State Hospitals, East Azerbaijan, Iran

Having three orientations, the Health System Reform Plan (HSRP) has been administered to financially support and protect people, provide fair health services and promote the quality of health services. To be unsatisfied about health and medical services brings undesirable outcomes. The present investigation aimed to study the effect of Health System Reform Plan (HSRP) on the satisfaction level among medical doctors and nurses of Tabriz state hospitals, East Azerbaijan province, Iran in a period from 21th February; 2015 to 22th June; 2015. Statistical population included those patients who referred to Tabriz state hospitals. We used stratified sampling method. To collect data we used questionnaire being presented to the samples after assessing its validity and reliability. We also utilized descriptive and inferential statistics in a way that we used descriptive method to classify, summarize and interpret of obtained data. Then after demonstrating the abnormality of data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test we used linear and multiple regressions to test research hypothesis and effect from the perspective of inferential method. Obtained results confirmed the research hypothesis and explained that the administration of HSRP affected medical doctors’ level of satisfaction. Also, according to the results of multiple regression tests, doctors and nurses’ satisfaction level was placed at the top of most affected issues from HSRP.