Neoproterozoic Deposits of the Bashkir Mega-Anticlinorium (Southern Urals): State of the Art in Regional Stratigraphy

—This paper presents an alternative variant of stratigraphic subdivision of the upper Riphean–Vendian deposits (approximately corresponding to the Neoproterozoic Erathem of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)) of the Bashkir Mega-Anticlinorium (BMA), based on the modern concepts of changes in the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere (and, accordingly, in the climate and the course of sedimentary processes) in the period ~1000–540 Ma, with regard to the results of recent studies and the proposals for improving the Russian General Stratigraphic Scale (GSS) of the Precambrian. The strict necessity of subdividing chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units is shown. The presented data give grounds to regard the Zil’merdak Formation as a Group and assign three of its lower formations to the Middle Riphean (Yurmatinian). It is shown that the period of accumulation of the Karatau Group (comprising the Katav, Inzer, Min’yar, and Uk formations) was significantly shorter than the duration of the Late Riphean (Karatavian). Special attention is focused on the age of the Uk Formation (analysis of the existing data made it possible to refine its stratigraphic position): It formed, most likely, in the period 780–740 Ma. A high uncertainty of the stratigraphic position of the overlying geologic bodies is demonstrated. The Bakeevo, Tolparovo, Suirovo, and Kurgashla formations must be regarded as part of the Terminal Riphean (Arshinian). The Arsha Group, comprising the Bainas, Makhmutovo, Igonino, and Shum formations in the Tirlyan trough and represented by the Krivaya Luka Formation in the Krivaya Luka syncline, should not be totally assigned to the Terminal Riphean. It is proposed to exclude the Bakeevo Formation and the Tolparovo–Suirovo sequence from the Asha Group, because these deposits are, most likely, a modification of the Arsha Group located on the western flank of the BMA. The Uryuk Formation is probably of pre-Vendian age. The current contradictory data on the stratigraphy of the supra-Uryuk unit of the Asha Group are interpreted. The ages of the geologic bodies composing the Group and its stratigraphic interval still call for a thorough study.

Paradigmatic Relations Interact During the Production of Complex Words: Evidence From Variable Plurals in Dutch

A growing body of work in psycholinguistics suggests that morphological relations between word forms affect the processing of complex words. Previous studies have usually focused on a particular type of paradigmatic relation, for example the relation between paradigm members, or the relation between alternative forms filling a particular paradigm cell. However, potential interactions between different types of paradigmatic relations have remained relatively unexplored. This paper presents two corpus studies of variable plurals in Dutch to test hypotheses about potentially interacting paradigmatic effects. The first study shows that generalization across noun paradigms predicts the distribution of plural variants, and that this effect is diminished for paradigms in which the plural variants are more likely to have a strong representation in the mental lexicon. The second study demonstrates that the pronunciation of a target plural variant is affected by coactivation of the alternative variant, resulting in shorter segmental durations. This effect is dependent on the representational strength of the alternative plural variant. In sum, by exploring interactions between different types of paradigmatic relations, this paper provides evidence that storage of morphologically complex words may affect the role of generalization and coactivation during production.

NUMERICAL COMPARISON OF TRANSGINGIVAL AND SUBGINGIVAL DENTAL IMPLANTS IN REGARD TO THEIR STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS

Most modern dental implants differentiate in regard to the fixation of the abutment into two main categories - the external or internal hexagon or octagon. We performed mechanical tests according to the ČSN EN ISO 14801 standard on a dental implant variant using the external hex. We found that failure of all implant specimens occured below the screw head. To improve the current geometry, we performed numerical analysis of an alternative variant (internal hex) and compared it with analysis of the current geometry (external hex). It was found that the stress distribution of the variant with internal hex is preferable to the old variant. Although extreme values of shear stress in the corresponding plane of loading are higher, they do not concentrate below the screw head, where the screw itself is thinner and more prone to breaking. Therefore, it seems that the new variant of the dental implant is stronger, which is still to be proven by mechanical tests.

Anthropology of Desire Correlate in Oles Ulianenko’s Novel “Syn Tini”

Oles Ulianenko, one of the most talented and controversial modern Ukrainian writers, has been dead for ten years. However, during his life O. Ulianenko’s works were not given any appropriate professional interpretation as the literary scholars and critics applied either the wrong or inefficient method because of the numerous objective or, very often, subjective reasons. The goal of this article is to suggest an alternative variant, in comparison to the traditional literary ones, of theoretical literary analysis which is grounded on the principles of the corporal-mimetic method to interpret fiction, and which is an example of literary analysis of the writer’s novel “Syn Tini” (The Shadow Son). Consequently, the conclusion has been drawn that the meaning of the analyzed novel is not determined by moral-ethical rigorism but by an anthropological correlate of desire aimed to overcome death, hence, to accept life because the exact realization of the corresponding correlate connected with ontological categories “life” and “death” can “explain people’s existence. Not as a flock, but human beings…” (J. Lucan). Moreover, relations between a man and a woman can be considered in the same ontological-anthropological plane. Thus, Oles Ulianenko’s novel “Syn Tini” does not depict a “zoo”, albeit “human” one, not a parade of sadistic deviations which are “idiologized” or “aestheticized”, not to speak about “demonism of criminal actions” of any kind – it depicts exactly people. People who are madly driven by their desire to become someone in life, to be at least “shadow son”, since they are obviously not able to claim the status of those who can count on having their own shadow.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF TRANSLATING LITERARY TEXTS TOLD BY THE UNRELIABLE NARRATOR (BASED ON “THE CURIOUS INCIDENT OF A DOG IN THE NIGHT-TIME” BY M. HADDON)

The paper focuses on the peculiarities of literary translation of the texts where the story is told by an unreliable narrator. This relatively new way of narration has not been properly considered yet, as well as the criteria of an unreliable narrator and the translation strategy that should be chosen while translating such fiction. The paper discusses the features of this literary device, its functions and the ways of its linguistic representation. The paper is based on the novel “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” by M. Haddon and its translation into Russian made by A. Kukley in 2003. The comparative analysis of the source and target texts focuses on the stylistic peculiarities of the novel and the language personality of the unreliable narrator. The paper reveals the following challenges that a translator can deal with: the formation of a speech profile of the narrator, the translation of colloquial vocabulary and the translation of realia. Each example that includes an extract from the original book and its translation shows the features of the narrator’s speech profile; these features can have an impact on the translation and thus, should be taken into consideration throughout the whole process of translating. The analysis touches upon the examples representing inadequate translation, and for this reason, an alternative variant, the most relevant one and conveying the idea of the author of the original book is provided. The authors make a conclusion about the best translation strategy to be used while dealing with literary texts told by an unreliable narrator.

Tax maneuver in the oil industry: Provisional results and risks for further implementation

The paper analyzes the consequences of the abolition of the export duty on oil and oil products as a necessary step to stimulate energy efficiency of Russia’s economy and eliminate underdevelopment provoked by a long-term subsidizing of inefficient oil refining sector in Russia. The calculation results have shown that even taking into account several deviations from the planned scenarios of changing the parameters of tax regulation of the oil industry in 2014— 2019, the tax maneuver brought over 3.5 trillion rubles (in 2019 — 148 billion rubles) to the state budget in 2014—2017, mainly due to an increase in the base mineral extraction tax rate, and contributed to an increase in the depth of oil refining from 72% to 85%. In addition, the article analyzes possible risks associated with the current plan for reforming the taxation of the industry until 2024 and proposes an alternative that could level some of them. A comparative analysis of the effects of the tax maneuver under the current reform plan and the alternative variant suggests that the latter will allow to achieve a greater total budgetary effect in four years, reduce the cost of subsidizing domestic oil refining, increase the efficiency of Russian vertically integrated oil companies, and reduce the growth rate of oil products prices in the retail market.

CLCN5 5’UTR isoforms in human kidneys: differential expression analysis between controls and patients with glomerulonephritis

ClC-5, the electrogenic chloride/proton exchanger strongly expressed in renal proximal tubules, belongs to the endocytic macromolecular complex responsible for albumin and low-molecular-weight protein uptake. ClC-5 was found to be overexpressed in glomeruli of glomerulonephritis and in cultured human podocytes under albumin overload. The transcriptional regulation of human ClC-5 is not fully understood. Three functional promoters of various strengths and 11 different 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) isoforms of CLCN5 messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected in the human kidney (variants 1–11). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of CLCN5 5’UTR variants and the CLCN5 common translated region in glomerulonephritis. The 5’UTR ends and the translated region of CLCN5 mRNA were analyzed using quantitative relative real-time PCR or quantitative comparative endpoint PCR with GAPDH as housekeeping gene in 8 normal kidneys and 12 renal biopsies from patients with glomerulonephritis. The expression profile for all variants in normal and glomerulonephritis biopsies was similar, and variant 3 and alternative variant 4 were the most abundantly expressed in both sets. In glomerulonephritis biopsies, isoforms under the control of a weak promoter (variants 4, 6 and 7) showed an increased expression leading to an increase in the CLCN5 translated region, underscoring their importance in kidney pathophysiology. Since weak promoters can be turned on by different stimuli, these data support the hypothesis that proteinuria could be one of the stimuli capable of starting a signaling pathway that induces an increase in CLCN5 transcription.

Psychological basis of the image of a dead lover in mythology of transcarpatia and P. Kulish’s story about, why the Peshevtsov pond was dried up in the town of Voronezh

In Ukrainian mythology as in world mythology, there is an idea of the possibility of a love relationship between a human and a demonic creature – a dead lover or a devil. Thus, F. Potushnyak’s article Dead Love in Folk Beliefs (1944) is devoted to this theme. Folk beliefs about demonic lovers precondition the relationship between them and a human, and methods of their overcoming are examined in this article. In the short story About, why the Peshevtsov pond was dried up in the town of Voronezh (1839) written by P. Kulish, we can find a very interesting interpretation of folk beliefs when a dead husband visits his wife. The writer modeled the tragic story of the woman, whose husband disappeared, with the help of folk mythological stories. And because of her deep regret, she became a victim of a demon who appeared in the image of her beloved husband. In the article, the psychological basis of the appearance of visions, in which the main figure is a dead object of love, is analyzed. Through the prism of Jung’s theory, the image of a dead lover is considered as a personification of one of the archetypes of the collective unconscious (Animus, its negative aspect). Destructive display of this image has the same psychological basis both in mythological legends and in P. Kulish’s short story About, why the Peshevtsov pond was dried up in the town of Voronezh. The woman’s consciousness refuses to take the reality as it is and creates an alternative variant for herself – the dead lover comes to her at night (when unconscious dominates – our wishes, fears, etc. are implemented in night dreams). The line between conscious and unconscious life is erased and the woman becomes a hostage of her own fantasy, which removes pain of loss and gives hope to renew the lost emotional and spiritual balance for a moment. Folk stories in the spirit of Christian morality contain “recipes” of fighting a dead lover. However, mostly these rituals cannot help the woman, who is obsessed with love to her dead lover as it happened in P. Kulish’s story.

Development of ground networks for high authenticity prediction of landslide processes

Landslides are the geological event, which lead to huge losses yearly in the scale of whole planet. Landslides are the spatial dynamic process and can develop during the long time period. Because that all control point type measurements in the field should be carried out at the sufficiently large area. At the present time the empirical GIS based models of landslides allow to estimate the potential of landslide occurrence. At the same time there are the technologies of wireless networks realized as technical systems making it possible to found and predict the landslides. Such systems are composed of distributed on area colons of tenzometric sensors with acoustic output signal and generator of start radio signal. The necessary condition for utilization of these signals is presence in them of identification signatures which leads to complication of technical system and increase the background noise level. The suggested alternative variant for development of prediction system make it possible not to form and emit the big numberof radio signals with identification signatures which promote for decrease the level of background noise signal.

The impact of using of a DWHR heat exchanger on operating costs for a hot water preparation system and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions entering the atmosphere

The article analyzes the annual operating costs for several hot water preparation systems and their impact on the environment; also estimating the emission of pollutants, mainly carbon dioxide CO2, which enters the atmosphere as a result of the use of heating installations. The article also investigated the impact of installing a DWHR heat exchanger on a sewage system, draining graywater from the shower on the annual operating costs incurred by users of hot water supply installations. For each heat source an alternative variant was adopted, in which the installation was additionally equipped with a heat exchanger. The amount of annual savings resulting from the installation of a vertical DWHR heat exchanger was determined, depending on the heat source for the hot water preparation system and the duration of the shower bath per one inhabitant. For the same dependencies, the level of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere was also determined, as a positive effect of using the installation with a heat exchanger.