scholarly journals Bydraes van Darwin se voorgangers tot die Ewolusieteorie

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
J. H. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Natural Selection Theory

A review of the literature with respect to ideas and hypotheses on evolution, prior to Darwin’s Origin of Species, reveals that many biologists long before Darwin postulated theories similar to his natural selection theory. The relation between phylogenetic classification and evolution, as well as the epigenetic theory of evolution, was postulated nearly fifty years be­fore Darwin. With this review of the literature an attempt is made to put Darwin and his forerunners in a better perspective with each other.

Toward a theory of revolution The legacy of James C. Davies in historical perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Orbell ◽  
Roshani Cari Shay
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Disciplinary Problems ◽  
Thomas Huxley ◽  
Natural Selection Theory

“Founders” of new scholarly ideas, perspectives, or paradigms are people who advocate for such ideas before wider scholarly audiences accept them or even know they exist. Such scholars have an uphill battle. They must persuade journal and book editors to publish their work. Those gatekeepers depend on reviewers with established reputations in conventional terms, and these reviewers generally oppose anything that threatens their comfortable intellectual lives. If the idea is as stunningly simple as Darwin's natural selection theory, an innovator might have a somewhat easier time; Thomas Huxley reportedly remarked upon reading On the Origin of Species, “How extremely stupid of me not to have thought of that.” But with conceptually and methodologically broad ideas, such as the application of biologically based psychological thinking to a traditional set of disciplinary problems, it can be tough to even get a foot in the door.

Toward a theory of revolution The legacy of James C. Davies in historical perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
John M. Orbell ◽  
Roshani Cari Shay
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Disciplinary Problems ◽  
Thomas Huxley ◽  
Natural Selection Theory

“Founders” of new scholarly ideas, perspectives, or paradigms are people who advocate for such ideas before wider scholarly audiences accept them or even know they exist. Such scholars have an uphill battle. They must persuade journal and book editors to publish their work. Those gatekeepers depend on reviewers with established reputations in conventional terms, and these reviewers generally oppose anything that threatens their comfortable intellectual lives. If the idea is as stunningly simple as Darwin's natural selection theory, an innovator might have a somewhat easier time; Thomas Huxley reportedly remarked upon reading On the Origin of Species, “How extremely stupid of me not to have thought of that.” But with conceptually and methodologically broad ideas, such as the application of biologically based psychological thinking to a traditional set of disciplinary problems, it can be tough to even get a foot in the door.

Darwinian Evolutionary Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Descent Of Man

Charles Robert Darwin, the English naturalist, published On the Origin of Species in 1859 and the follow-up work The Descent of Man in 1871. In these works, he argued for his theory of evolution through natural selection, applying it to all organisms, living and dead, including our own species, Homo sapiens. Although controversial from the start, Darwin’s thinking was deeply embedded in the culture of his day, that of a middle-class Englishman. Evolution as such was an immediate success in scientific circles, but although the mechanism of selection had supporters in the scientific community (especially among those working with fast-breeding organisms), its real success was in the popular domain. Natural selection, and particularly the side mechanism of sexual selection, were known to all and popular themes in fiction and elsewhere.

Darwin, Teleology and Taxonomy

Philosophy ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 48 (183) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Language User ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Descent Of Man

Darwinism is ‘much more than a theory’, said the German botanist Albert Wigand in 1875; ‘it is a frame of mind which dominates thought, a resuscitated “Naturphilosophie”, in which the terms “Polarity”, “Totality”, “Subject”, “Object” are replaced by terms such as “Struggle for Existence”, “Inheritance”, “Selection”, and so on.’ Subsequent events have indicated that Wigand had a point. But it is not clear to us yet what exactly the point is. Interest in Man's Place in Nature, and in his alleged biological uniqueness as a language-user and tool-maker, is as great now as it was in 1871 when Darwin's Descent of Man was first published. We now have access to well over a hundred years' worth of material sparked off by The Origin of Species, linking Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection to almost every field under the sun. Yet the precise status of his theory is still the subject of vigorous controversy in philosophy of science.

Testing for Environmentally Induced Bias in Phenotypic Estimates of Natural Selection: Theory and Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Stinchcombe ◽  
Rutter ◽  
Burdick ◽  
Tiffin ◽  
Rausher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Natural Selection Theory

Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825–95)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Di Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Common Descent ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Vertebrate Palaeontology ◽  
Invertebrate Zoology

Huxley, an English zoologist with strong philosophical interests, originally influenced by K.E. von Baer’s embryological typology, became an authority first in invertebrate zoology and then in vertebrate palaeontology. After the publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, he proclaimed his acceptance of the theory of evolution, but disagreed on important points and applied common descent – but not natural selection – in his scientific works only after reading Ernst Haeckel’s Generelle Morphologie (1866). He published extensively in anthropology, ethnology, philosophy, religion, politics and ethics, and was a great popularizer of science.

‘Hurrah for the missing link!’: a history of apes, ancestors and a crucial piece of evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Kjærgaard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection

In the nineteenth century the idea of a ‘missing link’ connecting humans with the rest of the animal kingdom was eagerly embraced by professional scientists and popularizers. After the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859, many tied the idea and subsequent search for a crucial piece of evidence to Darwin and his formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection. This article demonstrates that the expression was widely used and that the framework for discussions about human's relation to the apes and gaps in the fossil record were well in place and widely debated long before Origin of Species became the standard reference for discussing human evolution. In the second half of the century the missing link gradually became the ultimate prize in palaeoanthropology and grew into one of the most powerful, celebrated and criticized icons of human evolution.

The paradox of the missing function: How similar is moral mutualism to biofunctional understanding?

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Iran-Nejad ◽  
Fareed Bordbar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Natural Selection Theory

AbstractWe explain here how the natural selection theory of people's mutualistic sense of fairness and the biofunctional theory of human understanding are made for each other. We welcome the stage that the target article has already set for this convergence, and invite the authors to consider moving the two independently developed approaches a step closer to the natural selection level of biofunctional understanding.

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